Schizophrenia

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Answer 1

A number of various psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, restricted or inappropriate affect, and catatonia. Functioning deteriorates as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotion, and motor abnormalities.
-Treatable brain disorder
-1/100 people

Question 2

Downward drift theory

Answer 2

Schizophrenia causes sufferers to fall from a higher/lower SES level or to remain poor because they are unable to function effectively

Question 3

Features of schizophrenia

Answer 3

-Significant financial and emotional costs
-25% attempt suicide and 5% succeed
-Increased risk of physical illness
-more frequent in lower SES groups
-Equally distributed between men and women
-Common onset in teens

Question 4

Psychosis

Answer 4

A state in which a person loses contact with reality in key ways

Question 5

Positive symptoms

Answer 5

Excesses in thought, emotion, and behaviour like heightened perceptions and hallucinations
-Delusions
-Inappropriate affect
-Hallucinations
-Disorganized thinking and speech

Question 6

Delusions

Answer 6

a strange or false belief held despite evidence to the contrary
-Delusions of persecution: someone is out to get you
-Delusions of reference: billboard is talking to you
-Delusions of grandeur: more important than anyone else
-Delusions of control: Someone is trying to control thoughts

Question 7

What is unique about auditory hallucinations?

Answer 7

Language production areas are activated during an auditory hallucination. Parts of the brain that receive auditory information are not.
-If you put a microphone to the larynx of an individual with an auditory hallucination you can hear low speech
-Use chewing gum to treat

Question 8

Inappropriate affect

Answer 8

-Behave in a manner that is situationally unsuitable
-May sometimes be an emotional response to other disordered features

Question 9

Disorganized thinking and speech

Answer 9

-Loose associations or derailment
-Neoligism (newly coined words or expressions)
-Preservations (repeat same phrase over and over)
-clang or rhymes

Question 10

Negative symptoms

Answer 10

Deficits in thought, emotion and behaviour
-poverty of speech
-restricted affect
-loss of volition

Question 11

Poverty of speech (alogia)

Answer 11

The reduction in the quantity of speech or speech content, may also say quite a bit but convey little meaning.

Question 12

Restricted affect

Answer 12

Tend to show less emotion than most people
-Avoidance of eye contact
-Immobile or expressionless face

Question 13

Loss of volition

Answer 13

Loss of motivation or directedness
-Feeling drained of energy and loss of interest in normal goals
-Inability to start or follow through on a course of action
-Often display ambivalence to most things

Question 14

Psychomotor symptoms

Answer 14

Unusual movements or gestures, tend to have a private purpose and are purposeful to the individual
-Awkward movements, repeated grimaces, odd gestures
-Catatonia

Question 15

Catatonia

Answer 15

stupor and rigidity
-10% of people with schizophrenia

Question 16

Symptom expression in individuals with schizophrenia

Answer 16

Some individuals may be more dominated by either positive or negative symptoms.
-Around half of individuals have significant difficulties with memory, attention, and other kinds of cognitive functioning

Question 17

3 phases of schizophrenia

Answer 17

1. Predromal: the beginning of deterioration, mild symptoms. Lots of misdiagnoses occurs during this period.
2. Active: symptoms become apparent, first psychotic break
3. Residual: return to predromal-like levels
   Each phase may last for days or years.

Question 18

What constitutes a fuller recovery for sufferers of schizophrenia?

Answer 18

-Good premorbid functioning
-Disorder is triggered by stress
-Disorder has an abrupt onset
-Onset in middle age
-Receive treatment early on

Question 19

Brief psychotic disorder

Answer 19

various psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, restricted or inappropriate affect, and catatonia for a duration less than 1 month

Question 20

Schizophreniform disorder

Answer 20

Various psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, restricted or inappropriate affect and catatonia for a duration of 1-6 months
-prevalence of 0.2%

Question 21

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 21

Marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a major depressive episode or a manic episode, schizophrenia with a presented mood disorder for a duration of 6 months or more.

Question 22

Delusional disorder

Answer 22

Persistent delusions that are not bizarre and not due to schizophrenia for a duration of 1 month or more. Persecutory, jealous, grandiose, and somatic delusions are common
-Prevalence of 10%

Question 23

Psychotic disorder due to another medical disorder

Answer 23

Hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech caused by a medical illness or brain damage with no minimum length.

Question 24

Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder

Answer 24

Hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech caused directly by a substance

Question 25

Treatment success in schizophrenia

Answer 25

Treatment varies dramatically for patients, families, caregivers, and communities. Only 40% of people with schizophrenia recieve adequate cate

Question 26

Antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia treatment

Answer 26

-Antihistamines (phenothiazines): calming affect
-Chlorpromazine (Thorazine): a sharp reduction of symptoms in patients with psychosis.
-Neuroleptic drugs (1st gen): significant side-effects such as weight gain, and sexual dysfunction.