Week 2 - Bioenergetics and Exercise metabolism Flashcards
What is bioenergetics
Flow and exchange of energy within a living system
Conversion of foodstuffs (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) into usable energy for cell work. ‘Chemical → mechanical’
Implications for performance
What is metabolism
Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
WHat are anabolic reactions
Synthesis of molecules
What are catabolic reactions
Breakdown of molecules
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed from one form to another
Whats the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions
endergonic - requires energy to be added to the reactants
Exergonic - releases energy
What are coupled reactions
Liberation of energy in an exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction
Whats the difference between an oxidation and reduction reaction
Oxidation - removes an electron
Reduction - adds an electron
What are enzymes
proteins that lower the energy of
activation and accelerate chemical reactions
increase rate of product formation
What are the components of the anaerobic pathway
Does not involve oxygen (o2)
Phosphocreatine breakdown and glycolysis
What are the componenents of aerobic pathway
Requires oxygen
Oxidative phosphorylation
Dependent on respiratory and cardiovascular systems to deliver adequate o2
What are the 2 processes essnetial for ATP generation
Krebs cycle - Completes oxidation of acetyl CoA electrons for the electron transport chain
Electron transport chain - Energy obtain from electron transport is used to produce ATP at the end of the electron transport chain
Explain the process of the electron transport chain (ON SHEET)
- NADH & FAD are re-oxidized,
releasing high-energy electrons
from the hydrogen atoms. e-
are passed down a series of
electron carriers (cytochromes),
coupled with the pumping of H+
into the intermembrane space. - concentration of H+ ions in
the intermembrane space. - Movement of H+ through ATP
synthase produces ATP
How are bioenergetics controlled
Rare limiting enzymes which are found early in metabolic pathway, activity is regulated by modulators
What are the energy requirements at rest
Almosst 100% of ATP produced by aerobic metabolism
Blood lactate levels are low <1mmol/l
Resting o2 consumption - 0.25l/min (3.5ml/kg/min)