Week 11- Exercise for Special Populations Flashcards
Describe the key characteristics of Type 1 diabetes
usual age of onset - under 20 years
Development of Symptoms - Rapid
% of diabetic population - About 5%
Development of ketoacidosis - Common
Association with obesity - rare
Beta Cells (at onset of disease) - Destroyed
Insulin Secretion - Decreased
Auntibodies to islet cells - Present (indicativ3 of Beta cell damage)
Associated with particular major histocompatibility complex antigens - Yes (indicates autoimmune component
Treatment - Insulin Injections
Describe the key characteristics of Type 2 diabetes
Usual age of onset - over 40 years
Development of symptoms - slow
% of diabetic population - About 95%
Development of ketacidosis - Rare
Association with obesity - common
Beta cells (at onset of exercise) - Not destroyed
Insulin secretion - Normal to increased
Antibodies to islet cells - Absent
Associated with particular major histocompatibility complex antigens - unclear
Treatment- Diet and exercise, oral stimulators of insulin sensitivity
Whats the effect of prolonged exercise in Type 1 diabetics
Regular exercise often benefits diabetics
Exercise benefits depend on glucose control
Insufficient insulin prior to exercise can result in exercise induced hyperglycemia
What are the symptoms of Type 1 diabetes
Frequent urination/unusual thirst
Extreme hunger
Rapid weight loss, fatigue, weakness
Irritability, nausea and vomiting
Whats the effect on a type 1 diabetic with too little insulin
Too little insulin -> hyperglycemia and ketosis -> diabetic coma
Whats the effect on type 1 diabetics with too much insulin
Too much insulin -> hypoglycemia -> insulin shock
what is the usual medical advise to type 1 diabetics in regards to exercise
Currently active (40% to 60% HRR, 30min+, 3+ days/week) can continue without medical clearance
Those planning >60% HRR should obtain medical clearance prior to start of the program
What are some of the problems associated with type 1 diabetes due to chronically high blood glucose
Autonomic neuropathy - can lead to abnormal heart rate and blood pressure
Peripheral neuropathy - pain, impaired balance, weakness, decreased proprioception
Retinopathy and nephropathy (due to blood pressure abnormalities)
What method is used to diagnose Type 2 diabetes
Oral glucose tolerance test - 75g sugary drink consumed rapidly and blood glucose and insulin responses tracked for several hours.
Prediabetics become type 2 diabetics as glucose tolerance worsens
over time
Explain why metformin may benefit someone with type 2 diabetes
Metformin is a drug that works to lower blood glucose levels
How does exercise help with treating Type 2 diabetes
Helps treat obesity by decreasing body fat
Helps control blood glucose - reduces insulin resistance
Helps treat CVD risk factors such as high blood pressure
How effective can diet and exercise in combination be
Aiming for a weight loss of around 5-10% can help eliminate the need for diabetic drug treaments
What are the FIIT principles for Type 1 diabetes in relation to aerobic training
Frequency - 3-7 days per week
Intensity - 50-80% HRR or RPE of 12-16
Time - 20-60 mins per session, accumulate 150 mind moderate or 75 min vigorous exercise
Type - Non-weight bearing, low impact activities
What are the FIIT principles for Type 2 diabetes in relation to aerobic training
Frequency - 4-7 days a week
Intensity - 50-80% HRR or RPE of 12-16
Time - Start with 10 min bouts, increased benefits longer duration, accumulate >150 min moderate or >75min vigorous exercise
Type - Brisk walking, Zumba, circuit training
What are the FIIT principles for Type 1 diabetes in relation to resistance training
Frequency - 2-3 days per week
Intensity - 60-80% 1 RM or RPE of 12-16
Time - 1-3 sets of 8-12 reps
Type - Major muscle groups
