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Week 2 bb Q revision Flashcards

1
Q

organism

  • faeco-oral route
  • epidemics
  • shelffish from seawater containing sewage
A

Hepatitis A

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2
Q

organism

  • distal colon
  • acute mucosal inflammation and erosion
  • person-to-person contact
  • fever, pain, diarrhoea and dysentry
A

Shigella

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3
Q

organism

  • ileum, appendix and colon
  • invades peyer patches
  • mesenteric lymph node enlargement with necrotising granulomas
  • complications = peritonitis, pharyngitis, pericarditis
A

Yersinia

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4
Q

organism

  • cysts/trophozoites founds in faeces
  • complications of amoebic coltis, liver abscess, pleuropulmonary/cerebral amoebiasis
A

Entamoeba histiolytica

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5
Q

This type of vaccine is generally effective with one dose, can cause severe reactions in immunocompromised and are prone to destruction by heat or light.

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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6
Q

Which vaccine is known to revert back to its original disease-causing form?

A

Live oral polio

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7
Q

This type of vaccine can’t cause disease even in an immunodeficient person, they require boosters and it is mostly humoral immunity stimulated.

A

Inactivated vaccines

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8
Q

Mnemonic for live attenuated vaccines

A

BOMb YO IV

BCG
Oral polio
MMR

Yellow fever
Oral typhoid

Influenza
Varicella

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9
Q

An antigen assembled in a multimeric form and saponin that provokes a strong serum antibody response.

A

Immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMS)

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10
Q

Conjugate vaccines given for …

A

Hib, pneumococcal and meningococcal disease

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11
Q

Live attenuated vaccine that is no longer given as standard in the UK since the rates of reverse mutation are higher than those of active disease.

A

Polio (Sabin)

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12
Q

Sterility in adult males may occur if a particular vaccine is not administered. Which one is it?

A

Mumps

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13
Q

Mnemonic for inactivated vaccines?

A

CARP Fish

Cholera
hep A
Rubella
Polio

Flu

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14
Q

A recombinant subunit vaccine

A

Hep B

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15
Q

A water-in-oil emulsion containing mycobacterial cell wall components that could be used to increase the immune response of a vaccine.

A

Freund’s adjuvant

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16
Q

This form of immunity is induced by vaccination.

A

Active immunity

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17
Q

This form of immunity is induced by transfer of ready-made antibodies.

A

Passive immunity

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18
Q

Left sided colicky pain
Relieved by defecation
Constipated stools passed

A

Diverticular disease

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19
Q

Left sided abdominal pain
Relieved by defecation
Tender abdomen and left iliac fossa
Pyrexial with raised WCC and ESR.

A

Diverticulitis

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20
Q 
Young patient
Right iliac fossa pain
diarrhoea
weight loss
oedematous reddened ileum with transmural inflammation and granulomas
A

Crohn’s

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21
Q

large volumes of mucous

cauliflower-like mass covered by dysplastic columnar epithelium in rectum

A

villous adenoma

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22
Q

Transmural and non-caseating granulomas

A

Crohn’s

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23
Q

Woman with lower abdominal pain and fever. Using an IUD for 3 years.

A

Endometritis

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24
Q

A triad of

  • nail dystrophy
  • leukoplakia
  • cutaneous manifestations (such as tan-to-grey hyperpigmented patches)
A

Dyskeratosis Congenita

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25
- glucocerebrosidase deficiency - hypersplenism - Ashkenazi Jews
Gaucher's disease
26
Dapsone use causes haemolysis in what group of patients?
G6PD deficiency
27
What condition is Donath-Landsteiner positive?
Paroxysmal Cold Haemoglobinuria
28
Mononuclear spot test
EBV
29
Paul-Bunnell test
EBV OR! a false positive could be parvovirus B19. (remember Paul-Bunnell = "PB" = Parvovirus B19
30
Anaphylaxis post-transfusion
IgA deficiency
31
Donor plasma contains white cell antibodies incompatible with recipient's white cells. Chills, fever, dry cough and SOB with cardiac failure.
TRALI
32
``` Post-transfusion Fever erythematous macular papular rash Cough Abdo pain Vomiting Diarrhoea ```
TA-GvHD
33
Post-transfusion mild symptoms of fever and rigors within 24 hours
Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR)
34
Post-transfusion | Severe symptoms of fever, rigors, tachycardia
Bacterial contamination
35
Post-transfusion | diffuse erythematous rash which responds well to chlorpheniramine/acrivastine.
Allergic reaction to transfusion
36
One week post-transfusion severe bruising low platelets
Post-transfusion purpura
37
Acid Phosphatase
Prostatic cancer
38
lacunar histiocytes
nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma
39
popcorn cells
nodular lymphocyte predominant HL
40
small cell with hyperlobulated nucleus and small necleoli
aka popcorn cells a/w nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma
41
Reed-sternberg cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
42
A cell whose cytoplasm retracts when fixed in formalin so there appears to be cells lying with empty spaces between them
``` aka lacunar (the spaces) histiocytes a/w nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma ```
43
``` Poisoning leading to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase along with symptoms: salivation lacrimation urination defecation gi upset emesis ```
Organophosphate
44
Anti-smooth muscle antibody
Autoimmune hepatitis
45
Mycophosphorylase deficiency
Glycogen storage disease type V - McArdle's syndrome
46
Alpha galactosidase A deficiency
Fabry's disease
47
Young child. Very thin. Distended abdomen. Nutrient deficiency?
Protein
48
Alcoholic Neurological signs Nutrient deficiency?
Thiamine (B1)
49
Diarrhoea Dermatitis Dementia What nutrient deficiency?
Niacin (B3) condition is called Pellagra, characterised by the three D's
50
Psychological symptoms Neurological burning/tingling in peripheries What nutrient deficiency?
B12
51
Looks like a malabsorptive condition They're also bleeding What nutrient deficiency?
Vitamin K
52
``` Seborrhoeic dermatitis eruption Atrophic glossitis Angular chelitis Sideroblastic anaemia What nutrient deficiency? ```
B6
53
Radioiodine scan high uptake locally
Toxic nodules - multi or single
54
Radioiodine scan high uptake diffuse
Graves
55
Raised calcitonin
Medullary thyroid cancer
56
Hurthle cell
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
57
Askanazy cell
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
58
Giant cell thyroiditis aka ...
De Quervain's thyroiditis or subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
59
Therapy for attack of acute intermittent porphyria?
Haem arginate
60
Anti-inflammatory drug that is contra-indicated in patients with porphyria
Diclofenac
61
Haem arginate
Used to treat attack of acute intermittent porphyrias
62
Drug that can result in chronic porphyria
Alcohol
63
Drug that is contra-indicated in porphyria (not an NSAID)
Co-trimoxazole
64
Porphobilinogen deaminase deficiency
Acute intermittent porphyria
65
Neurotoxic product of heme breakdown --> neurovisceral damage
5-aminolevulinic acid
66
Enzyme catalyses rate-limiting step of heme breakdown
ALA synthase
67
Products of heme breakdown --> photosensitivity damage in certain porphyrias
Activated porphyrins and oxygen free radicals

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