Histo Flashcards
What are the common organisms causing osteomyelitis in children?
Younger than 4 months:
- S. aureus
- Enterobacter
- Group A and B streptococcus
Older than 4 months:
- S. aureus
- Enterobacter species
- Group A streptococcus
- Haemophilus influenzae
Osteosarcomas tend to affect what age group?
Children and young adults
What symptoms do patients with osteosarcoma tend to describe?
variable intermittent pain worse at night
around the knee or lower femur
What is Codman’s triangle and what conditions is it associated with?
triangular area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a tumour raises the periosteum away from the bone
seen in osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma
What type of symptoms can chondrosarcomas produce?
Back/thigh pain
Sciatica
Bladder symptoms
Unilateral oedema
What area of the skeletal system does a chondrosarcoma tend to affect?
The axial skeleteon
What age do chondrosarcomas tend to affect?
Any age, older folks sometimes.
What age group does Ewing’s sarcoma tend to affect?
Teenagers/young adults
What bones does Ewing’s sarcoma tend to affect?
Proximal long bones and pelvis
Radiograph demonstrates onion-skinning of periosteum.
Ewing’s sarcoma
What age group do osteoid osteomas tend to affect?
Young - age 4 - 20
What are the symptoms of an osteoid osteoma?
Nocturnal constant pain relieved using NSAIDs
A radiograph shows a dense sclerotic central nidus surrounded by sclerotic bone
Osteoid Osteoma
What is an osteoma?
A new piece of bone growing on another piece of bone.
What is Gardner’s syndrome?
- Colon polyps
- Tumours outside of the colon, e.g. osteomas, thyroid.
What is an enchondroma?
A cartilage cyst found in the bone marrow
‘rings and arcs’ pattern of calcification see on plain-film
Enchondroma
What is Ollier’s syndrome/disease?
Multiple enchondromas which can shorten the affected extremity.
What is Maffuci syndrome?
Multiple enchondromas associated with multiple haemangiomas.
What type of bone do osteochondromas tend to affect?
Long bones
A cartilage capped bony outgrowth
Osteochondroma
What are the clinical features of hereditary multiple exostoses?
Multiple exostoses (cartilage-capped bony outgrowths) Short stature Bone deformities
What are the clinical features of McCune-Albright syndrome?
Fibrous dysplasia
Cafe au lait spot
Precocious puberty
What is fibrous dysplasia?
Normal bone or marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue
Abnormally thin and irregular trabeculae. The histologist murmurs something about Chinese characters.
Fibrous dysplasia
