Week 2 Flashcards
What are neuro Challenges?
Complicated Presentation
Varied prognosis/progression
Mechanical effects
Resulting functional consequences
What varies in the extremities when the different systems are damaged?
Tone
What is functional tone?
Flexible enough for smooth and coordinated functional movement and respond to changing environmental conditions
What are some abnormal tones?
Hypertonus
Athetosis
Hypotonus
Flaccidity
What are the effects of abnormal tone?
Mobility and locomotion Postural control Motor planning Motor control in movement Coordination (error control) Muscle performance in functional activities
What is hypertonus?
Too stiff
Two types- Spasticity, Rigidity
What is spasticity?
Velocity dependent resistance to stretch
Rapid passive elongation causing muscle to fight back
Hypersensitive deep tendon reflex loop
What are the different spasticity types?
monoplegia diplegia hemiplegia triplegia quadriplegia
What is monoplegia?
one extremity
What is diplegia?
two extremities
CP
What is hemiplegia
one side, two extremities
CP, CVA
What is triplegia?
three extremities
2 lower, 1 upper
2 upper, 1 lower
What is quadriplegia?
all four limbs
CP
What are the orthosis styles for spasticity?
UCBL SMO AFO-solid AFO-articulated Limited motion Contraction orthoses
What is clonus?
Repeated beat in opposite direction of quick stretch
What is the grade for clonus?
0-Absent
1-Unsustained (a few beats at a time)
2- Sustained (continuous beating)
3- Spontaneous/light touch provoked and sustained
What orthoses should be used for clonus?
Rigid
Semi-rigid AFO
Pre-preg carbon
What is athetosis?
Unpredictable fluctuating muscle tone- hypotonus to hypertonus
What is choreoarthetosis?
Dance like movement
What may occur and what may not occur with choreoathetosis?
Laxity occur
Contractures may not occur
What are orthoses for athetosis and choreoathetosis?
AFO-solid
Regular trimlines
Pt have ERD and IRD
What is rigidity?
Bidirectional hypertonicity relatively equal
Parkinson’s Disease
What are the difficulties with rigidity?
Slow initiation of movement
Decreased active ROM
Altered resting posture
But can override in danger situations
What are the orthoses used for Rigidity?
Depends on positioning
AFO-Solid
What is hypotonus?
Readiness is altered
Pliable
What is the difficulty of hypotonus?
Maintaining anti gravity positions
Coordination
Control of Movement at Midrange
Regulating movement
What are the Orthoses for hypotonus?
AFO-Solid
Need rigidity
What is flaccidity?
Muscles cannot be activated
Interruption of transmission or connection to muscles
What are the examples of flaccidity?
Spina bifida Spinal cord injury Accute poliomyelitis Guillan-Barre Botulinum toxin injection
What are the orthoses for flaccidity?
Energy response
AFO-prepreg or Carbon
