Week 2

Question 1

What are neuro Challenges?

Answer 1

Complicated Presentation
Varied prognosis/progression
Mechanical effects
Resulting functional consequences

Question 2

What varies in the extremities when the different systems are damaged?

Answer 2

Tone

Question 3

What is functional tone?

Answer 3

Flexible enough for smooth and coordinated functional movement and respond to changing environmental conditions

Question 4

What are some abnormal tones?

Answer 4

Hypertonus
Athetosis
Hypotonus
Flaccidity

Question 5

What are the effects of abnormal tone?

Answer 5

Mobility and locomotion
Postural control
Motor planning
Motor control in movement
Coordination (error control)
Muscle performance in functional activities

Question 6

What is hypertonus?

Answer 6

Too stiff

Two types- Spasticity, Rigidity

Question 7

What is spasticity?

Answer 7

Velocity dependent resistance to stretch
Rapid passive elongation causing muscle to fight back
Hypersensitive deep tendon reflex loop

Question 8

What are the different spasticity types?

Answer 8

monoplegia
diplegia
hemiplegia
triplegia
quadriplegia

Question 9

What is monoplegia?

Answer 9

one extremity

Question 10

What is diplegia?

Answer 10

two extremities

CP

Question 11

What is hemiplegia

Answer 11

one side, two extremities

CP, CVA

Question 12

What is triplegia?

Answer 12

three extremities
2 lower, 1 upper
2 upper, 1 lower

Question 13

What is quadriplegia?

Answer 13

all four limbs

CP

Question 14

What are the orthosis styles for spasticity?

Answer 14

UCBL
SMO
AFO-solid
AFO-articulated
Limited motion
Contraction orthoses

Question 15

What is clonus?

Answer 15

Repeated beat in opposite direction of quick stretch

Question 16

What is the grade for clonus?

Answer 16

0-Absent
1-Unsustained (a few beats at a time)
2- Sustained (continuous beating)
3- Spontaneous/light touch provoked and sustained

Question 17

What orthoses should be used for clonus?

Answer 17

Rigid
Semi-rigid AFO
Pre-preg carbon

Question 18

What is athetosis?

Answer 18

Unpredictable fluctuating muscle tone- hypotonus to hypertonus

Question 19

What is choreoarthetosis?

Answer 19

Dance like movement

Question 20

What may occur and what may not occur with choreoathetosis?

Answer 20

Laxity occur

Contractures may not occur

Question 21

What are orthoses for athetosis and choreoathetosis?

Answer 21

AFO-solid
Regular trimlines
Pt have ERD and IRD

Question 22

What is rigidity?

Answer 22

Bidirectional hypertonicity relatively equal

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 23

What are the difficulties with rigidity?

Answer 23

Slow initiation of movement
Decreased active ROM
Altered resting posture
But can override in danger situations

Question 24

What are the orthoses used for Rigidity?

Answer 24

Depends on positioning

AFO-Solid

Question 25

What is hypotonus?

Answer 25

Readiness is altered

Pliable

Question 26

What is the difficulty of hypotonus?

Answer 26

Maintaining anti gravity positions
Coordination
Control of Movement at Midrange
Regulating movement

Question 27

What are the Orthoses for hypotonus?

Answer 27

AFO-Solid

Need rigidity

Question 28

What is flaccidity?

Answer 28

Muscles cannot be activated

Interruption of transmission or connection to muscles

Question 29

What are the examples of flaccidity?

Answer 29

Spina bifida
Spinal cord injury
Accute poliomyelitis
Guillan-Barre
Botulinum toxin injection

Question 30

What are the orthoses for flaccidity?

Answer 30

Energy response

AFO-prepreg or Carbon