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Orthotics III > Week 1-Knee > Flashcards

Week 1-Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is a prophylactic knee brace for?

A

Reduce risk of injury

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2
Q

What is a rehabilitative knee brace for?

A

post-surgical

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3
Q

What is a functional knee brace for?

A

biomechanical stability

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4
Q

What is a patellofemoral knee brace for?

A

patellar tracking

Anterior pain

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5
Q

What is an unloader (functional OA) knee brace for?

A

Decrease Tibiofemoral joint compression forces

Decrease arthritic knee pain

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6
Q

What makes up the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Femoral condyles and tibial plateau

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7
Q

In open chain does the tibia or fibula rotate around the condyles?

A

Tibia rotates

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8
Q

In closed chain does the tibia or fibular rotate around the condyles?

A

Medial condyle rotates medially on tibia (locking mechanism)

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9
Q

Which is longer medial or lateral condyle?

A

medial femoral condyle

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10
Q

Which way is the femur angled?

A

medially

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11
Q

What is the knee capsule reinforced by?

A

collagen rich retinaculum

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12
Q

What stabilizes the knee?

A

Quadriceps and knee flexors

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13
Q

What is the menisci made of?

A

It is fibrocartilaginous

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14
Q

What does the menisci do?

A 
Increase concavity of tibial surface
Increase congruency with femoral condyles
Facilitate gliding 
Distribute weight bearing forces
Nutrition of joint
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15
Q

Medial collateral ligament look like what?

A

Flat band

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16
Q

What is the origin of the MCL?

A

Med. Epicondyle of femur

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17
Q

What is the Inserts of the MCL?

A

Med. Surface of Tibial Plateau

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18
Q

What does the MCL do?

A

Resists valgus stressors with knee slightly flexed to full extension
2nd: resist ER
Backs up ACL in anterior translation

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19
Q

What does the LCL look like?

A

Strong, flat band

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20
Q

What is the origin of the LCL?

A

Lateral femoral condyle

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21
Q

What is the insertion of the LCL?

A

Proxiaml lateral fibular head

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22
Q

What does the LCL do?

A

Resists varus stressors and lateral rotation of tibia (slight flexion)

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23
Q

What does the iliotibial band do?

A

Resists knee varus

Assists ACL to prevent posterior displacement of tibia

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24
Q

What does the ACL do?

A

Prevents anterior translation

Excessive medial rotation of tibia going into ext.

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25
Q

What is the origin of ACL?

A

Fossa joint ant. lat to ant. tibial spine

26
Q

What is the insertion of the ACL?

A

Pos. med. surface of lat femoral condyle

27
Q

When is the ACL vulnerable?

A

IR of tibia with flexed knee

28
Q

What does the PCL do?

A

Resists posterior translation of tibia

29
Q

What is the origin of PCL?

A

Posterior tibia

30
Q

What is the insertion of PCL?

A

Pos. lat. surface of med. femoral condyle

31
Q

When is the PCL tight?

A

Flexion

32
Q

When is the PCL loose?

A

Extension

33
Q

What does the PCL assist?

A

Locking mechanism

Collateral lig. with varus and valgus stressors

34
Q

What the unhappy triad?

A

ACL
MCL
Medial Meniscus
Usually when foot planted on ground

35
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

36
Q

What is the patella important to help?

A

knee extension mechanism

37
Q

Is medial or lateral dislocation of patella more common?

A

Lateral

38
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the knee?

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Internal/external rotation

39
Q

What are the arthrokinematic movements of the knee?

A

Rolling
Gliding
Sliding

40
Q

Which ligaments control the roll/glide of the knee?

A

ACL and PCL

41
Q

What is the ROM knee brace used for?

A

Protect surgical site

42
Q

What is the design aspects of the ROM knee brace?

A

Full extension lock
Limits ROM
Telescoping design
Full or cool design

43
Q

Where is the ROM knee brace put on and how?

A

At hospital
Contour uprights
Place at desired ROM
or full extension if none

44
Q

Who made the origianl Functional knee brace design?

A

Lennox Hill Derotation Brace 1970

45
Q

What does the functional knee brace do?

A

Control ML and rotational instability when multiple ligaments impaired.

46
Q

What are the design aspects of the functional knee brace?

A

Rigid structure
Carbon, aluminum, or titanium
Polycentric knee unit
Ext/Flex stop

47
Q

When are OA knee braces used?

A

Collagen fibers of articular cartilage are compromised

Uneven distribution of load forces

48
Q

What should be done before fitting a patient with an unloader knee brace?

A

Test to see if pain decreases

49
Q

What are the pathologies that can benefit from the patellofemoral orthosis?

A

Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Patellar subluxation/dislocation
Chondromalacia
Quad or patellar tendon pain

50
Q

What tests are used to test ACL?

A

Anterior drawer sign

Lachman Test

51
Q

What test is used to test the PCL?

A

Posterior Drawer sign

52
Q

What test is used to test MCL?

A

Ligament laxity

53
Q

What test is used to test the LCL?

A

Ligament laxity

54
Q

What test is used to test medial compartment pain?

A

Varus moment

55
Q

What test is used to test lateral compartment pain?

A

Valgus moment

56
Q

What is the anterior drawer sign?

A

Knee at 90 degrees
Grasp tibia compressing popliteal soft tissue
Pull anterior

57
Q

What is the lachman test?

A

Knee at 20-30 degrees
Grasp distal thigh push posteriorly
Grasp proxiaml tibia pull anteriorly

58
Q

What is the posterior drawer sign?

A

knee 90

Push posteriorly on pre-tibia

59
Q

How do you test ligament laxity?

A

Knee extended and create varus (MCL) or valgus (LCL) thrust

60
Q

How do you test medial compartment pain?

A

Patient fully weight bears
create varus moment
Increased pain is a sign for medial compartment problem (brace wont help)
Decreased pain you can use unloader brace

61
Q

Which moment do you create when testing lateral compartment pain?

A

Valgus moment

62
Q

If there is pain with a varus and valgus moment when testing compartment pain, what does it indicate?

A

Unloader brace is not effective

Orthotics III (23 decks)

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