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Orthotics III > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A

Shock absorption
Adaptation to surfaces
Propulsion

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2
Q

What are the three key joints of the foot?

A

Talocrural
Subtalor
Midtarsal

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3
Q

What bones articulate in the talocrural joint?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Talus

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4
Q

What are the actions and degrees of the talocrural joint?

A

DF- 12-20 degrees

PF- 50-56 degrees

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5
Q

What is the articulation for the subtalor joint?

A

Calcaneus

Talus

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6
Q

What are the actions of the subtalor joint?

A

Supination

Pronation

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7
Q

What are the articulations of the midtarsal joint?

A

Talus and Navicular

Calcaneus and cuboid

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8
Q

What are the actions of the midtarsal joint?

A

Forefoot PF/DF

Forefoot ADD/ABD

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9
Q

What are the first ray actions?

A

PF with eversion

DF with inversion

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10
Q

What are the actions of the fifth ray?

A

Eversion with PF

Inversion with DF

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11
Q

What is it called when the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is perpendicular to the calcaneus?

A

Forefoot Neutral

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12
Q

What is called when the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is supinated/inverted?

A

Forefoot varus

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13
Q

What is it called when the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is pronated/everted?

A

Forefoot valgus

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14
Q

What occurs with a rigid PF 1st ray?

A

Puts calcaneus in varus

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15
Q

What occurs with forefoot varus and flexible 1st ray?

A

Puts calcaneus in valgus

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16
Q

What is affected with internal or external rotation?

A

Lower leg
Rearfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot

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17
Q

What is associated with an internal rotatory deformity?

A 
Tibial internal rotation
Calcaneal valgus
Midfoot pronation
Forefoot abduction
Pes planus
Medial soles worn out
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18
Q

What is associated with an external rotatory deformity?

A 
Tibial external rotation
Calcaneal varus
Midfoot supination
Forefoot adduction
Pes cavus
Susceptible to lateral ankle sprains
Lateral soles worn out
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19
Q

What does IRD do to the knee?

A

Valgus moment
Genu Valgum
Medial collateral laxity
Lateral compartment compression

20
Q

What does ERD do to the knee?

A

Varus moment at the knee
Genu Varum
Lateral collateral laxity
Medial compartment compression

21
Q

What can cause rotatory deformities?

A

Boney anomalies
Joint laxity (lig. and tendons)
Muscle weakness
Muscle imbalance (spasticity, hyper tonicity)

22
Q

What biomechanical tools can be used to correct and control IRD and ERD?

A

Three point force systems

Ground reaction force

23
Q

What occurs with a longer lever arm?

A

Less force required to correct

24
Q

Where are the three points of force to counter genu varum?

A

Proximal medial force directed laterally near mid thigh
Distal medial force directed laterally near ankle
Lateral force directed medially at knee

25
Q

Where are the three points of force to counter genu valgum?

A

Proximal lateral force directed medially near mid thigh
Distal lateral force directed medially near ankle
medial force directed laterally at knee

26
Q

Where are the three points of force to counter genu recurvatum?

A

Proximal anterior force directed posteriorly at upper thigh
Distal anterior force directed posteriorly near ankle
Posterior force directed anteriorly at knee

27
Q

Where are the three points of force to counter knee flexion?

A

Proximal posterior force directed anteriorly at upper thigh
Distal posterior force directed anteriorly at calf
anterior force directed posteriorly at knee

28
Q

Where are the three points of force to control IRD by an AFO in the coronal plane?

A

Proximal lateral on calf
Distal lateral on calcaneus
Distal medial on arch, proximal to malleolus and proximal aspect of calcaneus

29
Q

Where are the three points of force to control ERD by AFO in the coronal plane?

A

Same as IRD except opposite and have sabolich (carlston) 1in above malleolus and no arch

30
Q

Where are the three points of force to control IRD by SMO in the coronal plane?

A

Proximal lateral malleolus
Distal lateral calcaneous
Proximal medial calcaneous

31
Q

Where are the three points of force to control ERD by SMO in the coronal plane?

A

Proximal medial malleolus
Distal medial calcaneous
Proximal lateral calcaneous

32
Q

Can you control ERD with a UCBL?

A

No

33
Q

Where are the three points of force to control PF?

A

Proximal posterior calf
Distal posterior footplate
anterior ankle strap

34
Q

Where are the three points of force to control DF?

A

Proximal anterior strap
Distal anterior shoe
Posterior footplate at heel

35
Q

Can FO control forefoot abduction or adduction?

A

No

36
Q

Where are the three points of force to control forefoot adduction for an AFO, SMO, UCBL?

A

Shaft of 1st Metatarsal
Medial Posterior calcaneous
Lateral Anterior calcaneous

37
Q

Where are the three points of force to control forefoot abduction for AFO, SMO, UCBL?

A

Shaft of 5th metatarsal
ST mod
Lateral posterior calcaneous

38
Q

When dealing with the GRF what control deformities?

A

Horizontal surfaces

39
Q

How can you control deformities orthotically when dealing with the GRF?

A

postings
Locking out the ankle
Stops

40
Q

What are intrinsic posting?

A

Change the plaster mold

41
Q

What are extrinsic postings?

A

Adding material to the outside of the orthosis

42
Q

What is an example of a time to use an intrinsic post?

A

Flexible 1st or 5th Ray

43
Q

What is an example of a time to use an extrinsic post?

A

Rigid 1st or 5th ray

44
Q

When should you use both a extrinsic and intrinsic post?

A

With correctable calcaneal varus or valgus

45
Q

When should you lock out the ankle joint?

A

Block knee flexion with less than 20 degree flexion contracture
Mild knee hyperextension

46
Q

What are the functional components of the foot?

A

Rearfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot

Orthotics III (23 decks)

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