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JL Opthalmology > Week 2 (2) > Flashcards

Week 2 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Name a secretion used in ocular defence?

A

Meibomian

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2
Q

Mucopurulent discharge?

A

Bacterial infection

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3
Q

Mycoid discharge

A

Allergic type

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4
Q

Watery discharge?

A

Viral problems

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5
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflamed eyelids

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6
Q

What produces scales on the lashes?

A

Seborrhoeic blepharitis

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7
Q

What - anterior or posterior - blepharitis causes the lid margin to be redder than deeper part of lid?

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Name a type of posterior blepharitis?

A

Meibomian gland dysfunction

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9
Q

What eye condition presents with gritty eyes, foreign body sensation and mild discharge?

A

Blepharitis

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10
Q

What type of anterior blepharitis involves distorted lashed, loss of lashed, ingrowing lashes, styes, ulcers of lid margin, corneal staining and marginal ulcers?

A

Staphylococcal

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11
Q

What type of blephitis is the TP sign seen in?

A

Sebaceous blephitis

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12
Q

What type of blephitis is associated with acne rosacea?

A

Posterior - meibomian gland disease

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13
Q

How is blepharitis treated?

A

Lid hygiene, supplementary tear drops, oral doxycycline for 2-3 months

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14
Q

What presents with red eye, foreign body sensation - gritty eye, discharge - sticky eye and itch?

A

Conjunctivitis - vision unaffected

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15
Q

What are pale follicles seen in?

A

Viral conjunctivitis

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16
Q

What type of conjunctivitis are papillae seen in?

A

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis

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17
Q

Name the three most common organisms causing acut3e bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph aureus, strep pneumoniae and h. influenza

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18
Q

What is the most common viral cause of conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

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19
Q

What are the three layers of the cornea?

A

Epithelium, stroma, endothelium

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20
Q

What broadly causes central corneal ulcers?

A

Infective

21
Q

What broadly causes peripheral corneal ulcers?

A

Autoimmune

22
Q

Name two causes of peripheral autoimmune corneal ulcers?

A

RA, hypersensitivity e.g. marginal ulcers and rarely GPA

23
Q

Who does central infective acanthamoeba ulcers affect?

A

Contact lens weareres

24
Q

What presents with needle like, severe pain, photophobia, profuse lacrimation and red eye?

A

Corneal ulcers

25
Q

Name some signs of a corneal ulcer?

A

Redness, corneal reflex abnormal, corneal opacity anad hypopyon

26
Q

What deficiency can cause corneal ulcers?

A

Vitamin A

27
Q

How are corneal ulcers investigated?

A

Corneal scrape for gram stain and culture

28
Q

What antimicrobial is used if bacterial corneal ulcer?

A

Ofloxacin

29
Q

Name four autoimmune causes of anterior uveitis?

A
  1. Reiters
  2. IBD
  3. Ank Spond
  4. Sarcoidosis
30
Q

What symptoms do anterior uveitis present with?

A

Pain
Reduced vision
Photophobia
Red eye

31
Q

What signs does anterior uveitis present with?

A

Ciliary injection
Keratic precipitates
Hypopyon
Synechiae - small or irregular pupil

32
Q

How is anterior uveitis managed?

A

Topical steroids - pred Forte

Mydriatics - cyclopentolate

33
Q

What is a serious disease, painful, associated with serious systemic vasculitides e.g. RA and GPA, injection of deep vascular plexus and associated uveitis?

A

Scleritis

34
Q

How is scleritis detected?

A

Phenylephrine test

35
Q

How is scleritis treated?

A

Oral NSAIDs, oral steroids and steroid sparing agents

36
Q

What can precipitate AC glaucoma?

A

Dilated pupil - watching TV

37
Q

Who might ac glaucoma occur in?

A

Elderly - hypermetropic with thick glasses

38
Q

What presents with severe pain, nausea, cornea cloudy, pupil mid dilated and eye stony hard?

A

Ac closed angle glaucoma

39
Q

Describe the 5 stages of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?

A
  1. Chronic hyperglycaemia
  2. Glycosylation of protein/basement membrane
  3. Loss of pericytes
  4. Microaneurysm
  5. Leakage and ischaemia
40
Q

What are these signs of: microaneurysms (dot and blot haemorrhages), hard exudates, cotton wool patches, venous bleeding and intra-retinal microvascular abnormailites?

A

Non proliferative retinopathy

41
Q

What three things do diabetic patients lose vision form?

A
  1. Retinal oedema affecting the fovea
  2. Vitreous haemorrhage
  3. Scarring or retinal detachment
42
Q

How is diabetic maculopathy managed?

A

Laser - PRP, macular grid

Vitrectomy

43
Q

What are these features of: attenuated blood vessels (copper or silver wiring), cotton wool spots, hard exudates, retinal haemorrhages and optic disc oedema?

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

44
Q

What presents with sudden painless loss of vision, retinal nerve fibre layer becomes swollen except at fovea (cherry red spot)?

A

CRAO

45
Q

What is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis?

A

Thyroid eye disease

46
Q

What has this triad: keratoconjnctivitis sicca, xerostomia and RA?

A

Sjogrens

47
Q

What way does the lens dislocate in marfans?

A

Up

48
Q

Symblepharon, occlusion of lacrimal glands, corneal ulcers?

A

Stevensjohnson syndrome

JL Opthalmology (6 decks)

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