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JL Opthalmology > Anatomy (2) > Flashcards

Anatomy (2) Flashcards

1
Q

After orbital trauma - where does the fractured zygoma tend to rotate towards?

A

Medially towards floor of orbit

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2
Q

What is the name for the thick facial sling that holds the eye just above the floor of the orbit?

A

Suspensory ligament of the eye

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3
Q

What can a drop of the suspensory ligament of the eye cause>

A

Diplopia

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4
Q

What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the upper eyelid, cornea, all conjunctiva and the skin of the root/bridge/tip of the nose?

A

Opthalmic V1

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5
Q

What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the skin of the lower eyelid, skin over maxilla, skin of the ala of the nose and the skin/mucosa of the upper lip?

A

V2 Maxillary

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6
Q

What is the infraorbital nerve a branch of?

A

V2

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7
Q

What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the skin over the mandible and temporomandibular joint?

A

V3 Mandibular

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8
Q

What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the angle of the mandible?

A

C2, C3 spinal nerves

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9
Q

If you touch the cornea to initiate a blink reflex - what nerve sets up action potentials?

A

Trigeminal V1 - then goes to pons of brain

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10
Q

In the blink reflex - what are the two nerves that have CNS connections?

A

CN V and CN VII

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11
Q

In the motor reflex of the blink reflex - where are action potentials conducted?

A

Peripherally in CN VII to the eyelid part of orbicularis oculi

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12
Q

What are the four steps on the presynaptic sympathetic axons from the CNS coirse?

A

1, Descend in the spinal cord and then

  1. Exit the spinal cord in T1 spinal nerve and then
  2. Ascend within the sympathetic trunk and then
  3. Synapse in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
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13
Q

What do the post synaptic sympathetic axons enter ?

A

The internal carotid nerve and the external carotid nerve. Then pass onto surfce of internal anad external carotid ateries.

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14
Q

What artery carries sympathetic axons into the orbit?

A

Opthalmic artery

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15
Q

What do the inferior cervical and 1st thoracic ganglia often fuse to form?

A

The stellate ganglion

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16
Q

What 4 cranial nerves contain presynaptic parasympathetic axons?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10 plus sacral spinal nerves

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17
Q

Where are the ganglions located for parasympathetic axons?

A

Within the organ

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18
Q

What ganglion in the orbit collects presynaptic parasympathetic axons from CN III?

A

Ciliary ganglion

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19
Q

What CN gives parasympathetic axons to the lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

Facial

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20
Q

Where does the CN III connect with the CNS?

A

At junction between midbrain and pons

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21
Q

What is the base of scull part of course for CN III?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

What does the superior branch of CN III supply?

A

Superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris

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23
Q

What does the inferior branch of CN III supply?

A

Medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique and the ciliary ganglion

24
Q

What do the ciliary nerves supply autonomic axons to?

A

Control the diamter of the iris and the refractive shape of the lens

25
Q

What nerve synpses in the ciliary ganglion?

A

Inferior branch of CN III

26
Q

What does the long ciliart nerves form the first part of?

A

Afferent limb of the blink reflex

27
Q

What nerve from CN III is somatic sensory, parasympathetic and sympathetic?

A

Inferior branch of CN III leading to SHORT CILIARY NERVE

28
Q

What nerve from CN III is somatic sensory and sympathetic?

A

LONG CILIARY NERVE

29
Q

What is the name for the reflex that focusses the lens?

A

Accommodation reflex

30
Q

What is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

Turns the eyes in the opposite direction to a head movement. CNS connections between CN VIII & CN III, IV and VI

31
Q

What is the oculocardiac reflex?

A

Reflex bradycardia in response to tensio on the extraocular muscles or pressure on the eye. CNS connections between CN VI and CN X

32
Q

What two types of muscles are contained in levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Skeletal and smooth

33
Q

What do sympathetics do to the pupil?

A

Dilate it - in dim light

34
Q

What is a non-physiologically enlarged pupil called?

A

a mydriatic pupil

35
Q

Where is the mobile insertion of the radially arranged dilator pup[illae fibres all around?

A

The internal circumference of the iris

36
Q

Where is the fixed origin of the radially arranged dilator pupillae fibres all around?

A

The external circumference of the iris

37
Q

What controls constriction of the pupil?

A

Parasympathetics - in bright light

38
Q

What is a non-physiologically constricted pupil called?

A

A miotic pupil - component of horners syndrome

39
Q

What is a blown pupil - fixed dilated, a serious pathological sign of?

A

CN III pathology. inhibiting the pupilary constricting action of parasympathetic axons in the ciliary nerves

40
Q

How are the encircling arrangement of teh sphincter pupillae fibres done?

A

All around the internal circumference of the iris

41
Q

The sensory limb of the loight reflex is the ipsilateraly CN II - where does it connect in CNS?

A

In the thalamus

42
Q

What is the motor limb of the light reflex?

A

Bilateral via CN III

43
Q

How many neurone chains are in the pupillary light reflex?

A

4 neurones

44
Q

What number of neurone in the pupillary light reflex is this: the retinal ganglion cells pass via the ipsilateral optic nerve to decussate in the optic chiasm then synapse in the pretectal nucelus in the midbrain

A

1st neruones

45
Q

What number of neurone in the pupillary light reflex is this: located entirly within the midbrain and connect the pretectal nucleus to the next synapse in the Edinger Westphal nucleus (location of the cell bodies of the parasympathetic axons of CN III)

A

2nd neurones (bilateral)

46
Q

What number of neurone in the pupillary light reflex is this: pass from the EW nucleus, via CN III then its inferior division, to synapse in the ciliary ganglion

A

3rd neurones (bilateral)

47
Q

What number of neurone in the pupillary light reflex is this: Course in the short ciliary nerves to the sphincter pupillae muscles

A

4th neurones

48
Q

What structure connects the circumferences of the lens and the ciliary body?

A

Suspensory ligament of the lens

49
Q

In far vision what does the ciliary body do?

A

Relaxes - the ligament tightens and the lens flattens to focus on the distance

50
Q

In near vision what does the ciliary muscle do?

A

Contract (parasympathetic) the ligament relaxes and the lens becomes spherical to focus on “reading”

51
Q

In the accomodation relfex: what does the bilateral piupillary constriction do?

A

Prevents diverging light rays from hitting the periphery of the retina and resulting in a blurred image

52
Q

In the accomodation reflex: what does bilateral convergence do - medial rotation of both eyes?

A

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to obtain or maintain single binocular vision

53
Q

In the accomodation reflex: what does bilateral relaxation of the lens do?

A

The lens becomes spherical due to contraction of teh ciliary muscles

54
Q

What tears are important in corneal health?

A

Basal tears

55
Q

What tears clean/nourish and hydrate the avascular cornea and contain lysozymes?

A

Basal tears

56
Q

What is the afferent limb of the reflex tears?

A

CN V1

57
Q

What is the efferent limb of teh reflex tears?

A

Parasympathetic axons originating from CN VII

JL Opthalmology (6 decks)

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