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JL Opthalmology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What bone is the superior orbital fissure in?

A

Sphenoid bone

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2
Q

What bone is infraorbital foramen in?

A

Maxilla

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3
Q

What bone is optic canal in?

A

Sphenoid bone

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4
Q

What bone is supraorbital notch in?

A

Frontal bone

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5
Q

What is the apex of the bony orbit?

A

Optic canal

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6
Q

What parts of the bony orbit are affected in blowout fractures because they are extremely thin?

A

Medial wall and orbital floorq

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7
Q

What NVB can be damaged in blowout fractures?

A

Infraorbital

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the obicularis oculi in the external layer of eyelid?

A

Orbital and palpebral parts (palpebral is lower lid)

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9
Q

What is the tendon called that is superior on the eyelid?

A

Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris

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10
Q

What are the two ligaments medial and lateral of the eyelid?

A

Lateral palpebral ligament

Medial palpebral ligament

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11
Q

Name the sheet of fascia on the eyelid that helps prevent spread of infection from superficial to deep?

A

Orbital septum

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12
Q

What structures above and below the eyelid are thumb shaped?

A

Superior tarsus and inferior tarsus

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13
Q

What structure does the levator palpebrae superioris attach to?

A

Superior Tarsus

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14
Q

What role do the tarsal glands have?

A

Lipid secretion

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15
Q

What are the coloured parts of the eye called?

A

Iris

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16
Q

What is the iris covered by?

A

The cornea

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17
Q

What is the lower eyelid lined by?

A

Conjunctiva

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18
Q

What is the junction between the sclera and cornea called?

A

The limbus

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19
Q

What is the conjunctival fornix?

A

Loose arching folds connecting the conjunctival membrane lining the inside of the eyelid with the conjunctival membrane covering the eyeball

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20
Q

What innervates the lacrimal gland?

A

Parasympathetic VII

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21
Q

What do lacrimal fluid drain through?

A

Lacrimal puncta

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22
Q

What is a variable aperture, under autonomic control, in the centre of the iris?

A

The pupil

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23
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A

Fibrous
Uvea (vascular layer)
Retina (photosensitive - inner layer)

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24
Q

What are the two layers of the fibrous part of the eye?

A

Sclera - muscle attachment

Cornea - 2/3rd of refractive power

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25
Q

What are the three parts of the uvea layer?

A
  1. Iris - pupil diameter
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Choroid
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26
Q

What structure in the uvea controls nutrition and gas exchange?

A

Choroid

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27
Q

What structure in the uvea controls iris, shape of lens and secretion of aqueous humour?

A

Ciliary body

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28
Q

Where is the anterior segment of the eye

A

In front of lens - divided into chambers

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29
Q

What is the anterior chamber of the anterior segment of eye between and what does it contain?

A

Between cornea and iris- contains aqueous humour

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30
Q

What is the posterior chamber of the anterior segment of eye between and what does it contain?

A

Between iris and suspensory ligaments - contains aqueous humour

31
Q

Where is the posterior segment of the eye?

A

Behind the lens - 2/3rds of the eye

32
Q

What does the posterior segment of eye contain?

A

Contains vitreous body which has vitreous humour. The vitrous body is common location for floaters

33
Q

What is clouding of the lens called?

A

A cataract

34
Q

How does aqueous from posterior chamber get into anterior chamber to nourish the cornea?

A

Passes through pupil

35
Q

Once aqueous has been through the pupil - where does it get reabsorbed?

A

Into scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm) at iridocorneal angle

36
Q

What is the posterior area in the retina where light is focused?

A

Fundus

37
Q

What three structures does the fundus contain in the retina?

A
  1. Optic disc
  2. Macula
  3. Fovea
38
Q

What structure in the fundus of the retina is the point of CN II formation, only point of entry for blood vessels and axons of CN II and is the blind spot?

A

Optic disc

39
Q

What do the central artery of the retina and the central vein of theretina travel through?

A

Optic nerve

40
Q

What does the macula of the fundus of the retina contain?

A

Greatest density of cones

41
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Centre of the macule, depression, 1.5mm diameter and area of most acute vision

42
Q

What does complete interuption of flow in a retinal artery branch/retinal vein cause?

A

Loss of an area of visual field corresponding to the area of ischaemia

43
Q

What does complete interruption of flow of the central artery (

A

Monocular blindness

44
Q

What are the three layers of the retina from posterior to anterior?

A
  1. Photoreceptors
  2. Ganglion cells lie anterior to the photoreceptor cells
  3. Axons of the gangliong cells lie anterior to the ganglion cell and photoreceptor cells
45
Q

Where do the retinal veins and retinal arteries lie?

A

Anterior to the retina

46
Q

Why is the optic disc termed the blind spot?

A

Because there are no photoreceptors in it

47
Q

Where is light from objects in the right visual field processed by?

A

The left primary visual cortex

48
Q

What arteries branch off the opthalmic arterty to supply the eye?

A

Ciliary arteries

49
Q

What type of artery is the central artery of the retina?

A

An end artery

50
Q

What is the only vein draining the retina?

A

The central vein

51
Q

Where does the orbit drain anteriorly into?

A

The facial vein

52
Q

What drains mainly into the superior opthalmic vein?

A

The inferior opthalmic vein

53
Q

Where does most venous drainage from the orbit eventually go?

A

Cavernous sinus via the superior orbital fissure

54
Q

How many rectus muscles are there?

A

4

55
Q

Where do all 4 rectus muscles originate from?

A

Common tendinous ring

56
Q

Where do all 4 rectus muscles insert onto?

A

Sclera

57
Q

Where do the 2 oblique muscles insert onto?

A

Sclera

58
Q

What does levator palpebrae superioris lift?

A

The upper eye lid

59
Q

What does superior oblique muscle go through?

A

Trochlea

60
Q

What is the somatic motor innervation of extraorricular muscles?

A

LR6 - Lateral rectus CN6
SO4 - Superior oblique CN4
AO3 - All others CN3

61
Q

What movements of the eyeball occur around the vertical axis?

A

Abduction and adduction (abducts away from midline or adducts towards midline)

62
Q

What movements of teh eyeball occur around the transverse axis?

A

Elevation and depression

63
Q

What movements of the eyeball occur around the anteroposterior axis (superior pole of eyeball)?

A

Intorsion (medial rotation) and extorsion (lateral rotation)

64
Q

What two muscles do not have secondary movements?

A

Medial and lateral rectus

65
Q

What do you have to do to isolate muscle movement when clinically testing eye movements?

A

Line up gaze to plane of muscles being tested

66
Q

What movement can lateral rectus do?

A

ONLY abduct the eyeball

67
Q

When in abduction - what is the only movement superior rectus can do?

A

Only elevate

68
Q

When in abduction - what is the only movement inferior rectus can do?

A

Only depress

69
Q

What movement can medial rectus only do?

A

Adduct eyeball (move it medially)

70
Q

When in adduction what is the only movement inferior oblique can do?

A

Elevate

71
Q

When in adduction what is the only movement superior oblique can do?

A

Depress - trochlear nerve

72
Q

What two muscles can purely elevate the eye?

A

Superior rectus and inferior oblique

73
Q

What two muscles can purely depress the eye?

A

Superior oblique and inferior rectus

JL Opthalmology (6 decks)

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