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week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

prehistory psychopathology

A

harsh treatments directed at supernatural creature

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2
Q

trephination

A

letting spirits out, basically when cutting head open. indicated progression from supernatural to natural causes. actually more humane

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3
Q

naturalistic explanations are supported by, what did it include

A

hippocrates, plato and galen. romans generally. comfortable, low stress treatments, early ideas of talk therapy

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4
Q

hippocrates

A

father of modern medicine. brain dysfunction and stress, disturbances in humors, hysteria caused by wandering uterus. basically, work out, be alone, be vegan, no drinking, don’t be a woman

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5
Q

plato

A

placed more enphasis on socialcultural influences on thought and behavior, mostly agreed with hippocrates. believed mentally ill are not responsible for crimes and believed in community therapy

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6
Q

galen

A

indicated both physical and psychological causes were involved in mental disorders

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7
Q

egyptians established

A

sanatoriums (temples to saturn) for the mentally ill. peaceful and humane, bleeding and restrains used when others didn’t work

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8
Q

arab perspective

A

humane and compassionate care in the first asylums. avicenna started early behavior therapy

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9
Q

the dark ages

A

monasteries and covens were places of care. believed people were posessed by the devil. used exorcisms like insulting the body and torture

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10
Q

st vitus’s dance

A

mass hysteria, seen as people were all posessed.

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11
Q

paracelsus

A

alchemist and physician who believed in the breath of life, saying you are affected by the stars and vapor in the body. claimed st. vitus’s dance to be a disease due to psychic conflict. natural and physical treatment, disagreed with humor theory

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12
Q

witchcraft vs madness

A

witchcraft is posession of spirit by the devil. madness is posession of the body

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13
Q

weyer and the moors

A

followed paracelsus, brought arab influence to spain.

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14
Q

16th and 17th centuries important figures, overarching ideas

A

st. teresa of avila and st. vincent de paul. argue that physical and psychological disorders had common causes

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15
Q

st. teresa of avila

A

said people were sick and not posessed

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16
Q

st. vincent de paul

A

said society was responsible to find mental health relief

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17
Q

asylums and workhouses

A

supposed to be caring but appalling and cruel conditions. poke mentally ill people for money, put poor people out of sight.

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18
Q

enlightenment (when and what big movement, prominent people)

A

18th century, mental hygiene movement. p. pinel, b. rush. asylums were not possible to maintain due to overcrowding, but initially had a clean comfortable environment

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19
Q

p. pinel

A

directed french asylums, said to remove restrains, provide sunlight and food. started a systematic approach to the classification of mental disorders. said humane treatment is the basis for physical treatment

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20
Q

b. rush

A

moral therapy to north america

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21
Q

heredity scientists (biology perspective)

A

B.A. morel, Lombroso

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22
Q

B.A. morel

A

degeneration theory, deviations from normal functioning are transmitted by hereditary processes. before darwin, supported by darwin as well. deviations get better throughout generations

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23
Q

lombroso

A

phrenology, criminals can be identified before crimes by shape of skull

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24
Q

emil kraepelin

A

begin to classify psychological disorders. called groups of symptoms syndromes, different disorders had distinct features and different ages of onset (different causes, and course). did not consider treatment and mental illness was thought of as biological, and there were no biological therapies

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25
infection as a cause of mental disorder
richard von krafft ebbing stated general paresis of the insane (infection by bacterium) is due to infection. now known that it is due to untreated infections by the syphilis spirochete (causes mania then dementia and paralysis).
26
somatogenesis
all mental disorders would be caused by biological factors
27
insulin induced comas
used to treat morphine addiction, schizophrenia (other drugs that caused convulsions were used)
28
sakel
insulin induced comas
29
ugo cerletti
shock therapy user. preceeded insulin comas. specifically called electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
30
lobotomies in canadian history
1940s to 1960s. no lack for benefit. mostly on women
31
ewen cameron
brainwashing and LSD studies conducted at montreal's allen memorial hospital
32
when did psychopharmacology arise, perspectives then?
1950s. rejected psychological perspectives in favor for brain chemistry, deinstitutionalized to integrate patients into community, focusing on community mental health
33
loewi
isolated acetylcholine (first neurotransmitter) in 1926
34
chlorpromazine
is an antipsychotic drug that changed the management of seriously disordered patients. relieved manic episodes, established in 1950s
35
tricyclic antidepressants
1960s. helped remove physical restrains and make patients more tolerable
36
anton mesmer
predecessor of hypnotism, hysteria due to disturbed distribution of magnetic fluid in the body
37
jean charcot
hypnotism might have value in treating individuals with hysteria. some success. associated psychological aspects
38
joseph breuer
inspired by jean charcot, patients should talk freely about unpleasant past experiences (which cause hysteria). now considered cathartic method. freud's colleague
39
SIGMUND FUCKING FREUD
didn't like hypnosis. likes talking, which is psychoanalysis
40
john b watson
published psychology as the behaviorist views it, establishing behaviorism. psychopathology is learned behavior. merged cognitive with behavioral theory. classical conditioning
41
diagnosis
determination or identification of the nature of a person's disease or condition, or a statement of that finding
42
diagnostic system
system of rules for recognizing and grouping various types of problems, providing criteria to check off.
43
assessment
to make diagnosis. procedure in which info is gathered systematically to evaluate a condition
44
perfect diagnosic system
presenting symptoms with etiology (cause), prognosis (natural course), response to treatment, with no overlap and a perfect cure
45
reliability
interrater reliability, for example, which the DSM is not very good at
46
beck et al, 1962
4 psychiatrists interviewed 153 new inpatients, resulting in lower interrater reliability
47
validity
concurrent validity, predictive validity
48
concurrent validity
prescence of non-symptom attributes
49
predictive validity
SAT on college performance example
50
DSM III implemented
atheoretical perspective that did not care about causes
51
DSM III-R implemented
polythetic system where you need to meet a given # of criteria, no need to meet all.
52
DSM-5-TR changes
revised 70 categories, more closely linked to ICD but still has discrepancies
53
dsm5 section 1
intro and use of manual. history, introduction, guidelines
54
dsm5 section 2
diagnostic criteria and codes
55
dsm5 section 3
emerging measures and models, considers cultural context, provides optional measures such as WHO disability assessment schedule 2.0 and outline for cultural formulation. dimensional perspective on personality disorders, and conditions for future study,
56
what is WHO
(6 domain assessment of dysfunction)
57
outline for cultural formulation
(cultural identity influences conceptualizations of distress, stressors, resilience, and the individual-clinician relationship)
58
dsm categories
grouped on broad similarities, research evidence suggesting similar etiology (causes), internalizing, externalizing (external harm), or physical symptoms
59
somatic symptom and related disorders
physical symptoms. unknown physical causes
60
elimination disorders
passing of urine and feces in inappropriate places
61
neurocognitive disorders
alzheimer's, huntingtons

psy240 (7 decks)

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