week 2 Flashcards
cognitive neuroscience
Level of analysis
looking at different levels of what is going on
- memory accuracy
Neuron
small units that create and transmit information about what we experience and know
cognitive neuroscience
study of physiological basis of cognition
Nerve net
communication in brain
is electrochemical, inside a neutron is electrical between is chemical
how information travels in brain
- through presynaptic neuron comes before synapse
- postsynaptic neuron - neuron comes after synapse
Synapse
gap between neurons ( neurons dont touch)
cell body ( soma)
dendrite’s: branches that receive chemicals (info) from neurons
Axon terminals ad terminal buttons : if button activated by AP it stimulates process in terminal buttons
Buttons: create and release chemicals (neurotransmitters i.e dopamine, GABBA)
Voltage meters
detect what’s going on
- resting potential of neuron is -70 millivolts
positive 40 is threshold
Action potential
what goes in through the axon ( part of neuron) it is infused with fat and myelin sheaths surrounding it
- gaps between myelin sheaths are nods of Ranvier
Frontal lobe
cortex responsible for planning, thinking, reasoning, emotional regulation
- subcortical area: basic level animals have
pre- frontal cortex
newest part of brain that is highest order of cognitive processes (differentiates us from animals)
not fully developed till mid 20s
Temporal lobe
auditory information
-left is language
parietal lobe
space and sensory information ( smell, taste, touch, sound)
Somatosensory cortex
how you feel about your body being processed ( stomachache)
occipital lobe
processes visual information
- info goes from eyes through optic nerve crossing through optic chiasm ( info from left eye to right and right to left)
Spinal cord
- Ascending pathway sensory info going up
- descending pathway : moto info going down
Sensation and perception
Acquiring information from the environment or body
- before we assign meaning (purest form)
perception after meaning is given
Specificity coding
`Representation of stimulus ( single neuron)
population coding
many neurons firing ( activation of them)
sparse coding
small group of neurons firing
Wernicke’s aphasia (area)
affects temporal lobe
- trouble comprehending language
Fluent speech but nonsensical
- not genetic
caused by severe brain injury
Broca’s Aphasia (Area)
Responsible for language
-Affects frontal lobe
- cant produce language (repeats everything)
- no problem understanding
