week 2 Flashcards
narrative
a chain of events linked by cause and effect and occurin in time and space
how to tell a story
story
event that are pressumed to have occured and actions and space not shown onscreen
story/digesis
-story9also called a diegesis)
-diagetic information(inside of the world)
-non-diegetic information (the character dosnt see/outside of the world)
can characters interact with it ?
stories
In a narrative film, all the events that we see and hear, plus all
those that we infer or assume to have occurred, arranged in their
presumed causal relations, chronological order, duration, frequency,
and spatial locations;
plot
a narrative film, all the events that are directly presented to us,
including their causal relations, chronological order, duration,
frequency, and spatial locations vs a story, which is the
viewer’s imaginary construction of all the events in the narrative. See
also duration, ellipsis, flashback, flashforward, frequency, order,
viewing time.
plot vs story
we learn about a film’s story through the plot it give us (we learn directly from the movie)
story inferences through the plot that has already occured in the world of the movie F
how do filmakers guide our experiences of the film/inferences/the narrative
causality,time,space
causality
what happens in the film to make other stuff happen
what happens in a story is not random
-characters are causal agents
-whitheld plot info(kept from us )
time
something happens and anotherthing happens help us understand its order
order
duration
frequency
space
setting
what is actual shown
aiming the camera to one seen rather then a another shows us the importance of that
where it happens
style
mise-an -scene,cinematography/faming ,editing , sound
narrative form
what is nerrative
narrative to be a chain of events linked by cause and
effect and occurring in time and space.
can also mean story
narrtive has order wich that help us understand a story
We make sense of a narrative, then, by identifying its events and linking
them by cause and effect, time, and space. We also look out for parallels that
can shed light on the ongoing action
If narrative depends on changes created by cause and effect, what kinds of
things can function as causes?
characters: causes things to happen in a story
nature can also be a cause : sharks,earthquques,tisunamies
cause and effect does not to be presented to the audience in that order
In general, whenever any film creates a mystery, the
plot initially suppresses certain story causes and presents only enigmatic
effects.
withholds effects. Normally this creates curiosity and suspense, as when
a crime film doesn’t tell us immediately whether a character has been
captured or killed.
Time
In short, filmmakers must decide how the film’s plot will treat
chronological order and temporal duration and frequency.
by flashbacks,straight forward,flashfoward,reordering scenes
Temporal Duration: How Long Do the Events Take?
- The filmmaker can
manipulate screen duration
ex
For example, North by Northwest has an overall story duration
of several years (including all relevant story events), an overall plot duration
of four days and nights, and a screen duration of about 136 minutes.
Temporal Frequency:
Most commonly, a story event is presented only once in the plot.
Occasionally, however, a single story event may appear twice or even more
in the plot treatment. If we see an event early in a film’s plot, and then, later
in the plot, there is a flashback to that event, we see that same event twice.
Some films use multiple narrators, each of whom describes the same event;
again, we see it take place several times
This increased frequency
allow us to see the same action in several ways. Repetition can take place
simply on the soundtrack. Sometimes only a single line of dialogue
will reappear, haunting a character who can’t escape the memory of
that moment.
Space
In film narrative, space is usually an important factor. Events occur in
particular places
Openings
A film does not just start, it begins.
backstory
actions that took place before the plot started
the initial situation is called the exposition.Usually exposition
takes place early in the plot,
development
the causes and effect create patterns of development
what causes development in the story?
-change in knowdge
-goal - oriented : there is a goal that main character must achive
-Time may also provide plot patterns. A framing situation in the present
may initiate a series of flashbacks showing how events led up to the present
situation,
-Time may also provide plot patterns. A framing situation in the present
may initiate a series of flashbacks showing how events led up to the present
situation,
deadline
The plot may also create a specific
duration for the action—a deadline.
maybe some pressure of time
climax
The plot
will typically resolve its causal issues by bringing the development to a high
point
narration
the plot’s way of distributing story
information in order to achieve specific effects.
unestricted narration/omniscent narration
We
know more, we see and hear more, than any of the characters can.
restricted narration
Restricted narration is important to mystery films because such
films engage our interest by hiding important causes. Confining the plot to
an investigator’s range of knowledge plausibly motivates concealing
important story information
This oscillation between restricted and unrestricted narration is common in
films. Typically the plot shifts from character to character, giving us a little
more than any one character knows while still withholding some crucial
items from us. Even if the plot is focused on a single protagonist, the
narration usually includes a few scenes that the character isn’t present to
witness.
A film’s narration manipulates not only the range of knowledge but also the
depth of our knowledge.
The filmmaker must decide how far to plunge into a
character’s psychological states. As with restricted and unrestricted
narration, there is a spectrum between objectivity and subjectivity.
perceptual subjectivity.
Or we might
hear sounds as the character would hear them, what sound recordists call
sound perspective. In short, through either sight or sound
mental subjectivity
The filmmaker can go deeper, beyond the character’s senses and into her
or his mind
ex:internal voices,inner imagination , dreams,hallucinations
