Week 2 Flashcards by Ruth Joy De Guzman

A basic screening test and one of the most frequently ordered laboratory procedure

Complete blood count

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Test that measures the number of WBC in your body

White blood cell count

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detects hidden infections

White blood cell count

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Increase RBC

Polycythemia

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Measurement of the concentration of Hgb in the blood

Hemoglobin determination

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Can detect immature WBC and abnormalities, both of which are signs of potential issues.

Differential count

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Volume of packed RBC that occupies a given volume of whole blood.

Hematocrit

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Used also to rule out Anemia

Hgb determination

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Who carries oxygen to your body

RBC

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Hematocrit also known as

Packed Cell Volume

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Use to assess the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow

Reticulocyte count

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production of rbc

Erythropoietic

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Whole blood, anticoagulated with EDTA is stained with a ________ such as _______________________

Supravital stain ; new methylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue, or pure azure blue

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Common hematology test and nonspecific measure of inflammation

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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activities done in prior to the examination of the specimen or sample that is intended to establish system conducive to accuracy testing.

Preventive

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Gives valuable diagnostic information about the
hematologic and other body system , prognosis
response to treatment and recovery.

complete blood count

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Hb the main component of erythrocytes , serves
as the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen
and carbon dioxide.

hemoglobin determination

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ratio of the volume of packed RBCs
to the volume of whole blood.

hematocrit determination

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units of RBC to be reported

microliter (μL, mcL,
also called cubic millimeter, mm3 ), milliliter (mL, also
called cubic centimeter, or cc), or liter (L)

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may be counted visually using a microscope
and HEMACYTOMETER

white blood cell count

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he total count of circulating WBC is differentiated according to the five
types of leukocytes

neutrophils : pyogenic infection
eosinophils : allergic disorder
parasitic infestation
basophils : parasitic infection
lymphocytes : viral infection
monocytes : severe infection by phagocytosis

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Rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of
one hour.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

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phenotypically detects an inherited RBC enzyme
deficiency causing severe episodic hemolytic anemia

GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ASSAY

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sum of all those activities in which the
laboratory is engaged to ensure that information
generated by the laboratory is correct.

Quality assurance

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done when error is detected to correct the system.

corrective

Activities done during testing to determine whether test systems are performing correctly

assessment

the closeness to the estimated value to the true mean

accuracy

reproducibility of a result, whether accurate or inaccurate

precision

One of the oldest hematology tests

ESR

uses graduated concentrations of saline solutions to detect SPHEROCYTES

Osmotic fragility test

used to detect and diagnose sickle cell anemia and other inherited qualitative hemoglobin abnormalities and thalassemia's

SICKLE CELL SOLUBILITY SCREENING ASSAY, HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS and HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

The real purpose is to determine how correct/incorrect the result is.

quality assurance

Blood sample collected is called _______ instead of capillary blood

peripheral blood

sites of skin puncture

finger (middle or ring) earlobe <1yr old - lateral portion of the plantar surface of heel/toe

blood specimen collection:

- skin puncture - venipuncturee

manner of inserting a needle attached to a syringe to a palpable vein to collect blood for laboratory testing.

venipuncture

methods of collection for venipuncture

- syringe method - ETS method - - winged blood collection set

MOST COMMON ANTICOAGULANT USED IN HEMATOLOGY

EDTA

Most common and preferred anticoagulant for coagulation studies

Citrate

Most commonly used for Osmotic Fragility Testing and immunotyping

Heparin

Methods of skin puncture

- finger puncture - earlobe puncture - heel stick procedure

Sites to avoid

- inflammed and pallor area - scarred and heavily calloused area - cold and cyanotic area

3 factors involved in a good venipuncture

- phlebotomist - patient and his/her vein - equipment needed

Angle of needle insertion

15-30

Blood pressure cap

40-60 mmHg

Sites of venipuncture in newborn infants

- external jugular vein - temporal vein - superior longitudinal sinus

Sites of venipuncture in older children

- femoral vein - long saphenous vein - ankle vein - popliteal vein

Complications of venipuncture

- hematoma - fainting

Bind to non-ionized form of calcium chelates

EDTA

Binds calcium

Citrate Oxalates

Binds thrombin

Heparin

Double oxalates also known as

Balance oxalate

Addressed in blood specimen collection texts and coagulation specimen management

Pre analytical

Examples of pre analytical

- specimen collected in the wrong tube or container - incorrect labeling of specimen - improper processing of specimen - specimen procured at the wrong time - * Specimen obtained from the wrong patient * Blood specimens collected in the wrong order

Examples of analytical

- oversight of instrument flags - out of control quality control results - wrong assay preformed

Examples or post analytical

- Verbal reporting of results - confusion about reference ranges - fail to report critical values immediately - Laboratory Information System (LIS) incompatibility error

immature WBC that are okay to be seen in diff count

reticulocytes and stab neutrophil

If reticulocytes are increased, rule out

hemolysis

ratio of reticulocytes

1:1

measures the rate of fall

ESR

ESR unit of measurement

mm/hr

disease associated with increase of ESR

- rheumatoid arthritis - tuberculosis - pregnancy

minimize error

quality control

advantage of skin puncture using earlobe

less painful

disadvantage of skin puncture

cannot repeat test small amount can be obtain

two patten of veins in antecubital

- H pattern - M pattern

order of draw

- blood culture - coagulation tube - serum tubes with or without activator - heparin - EDTA - sodium fluoride

advantages of ETS

- can repeat test - easy to manipulate

3 forms of EDTA

- dipotassium EDTA - disodium EDTA - Tripotassium EDTA

disadvantage of double oxalate

o Not recommended for blood transfusions o Causes agglutination or clumping of WBCs and platelets o Not recommended for peripheral blood smear

Ammonium oxalate

(RBC Swells

Potassium oxalate

RBC shrinks

* 3 forms of oxalate:

o Double oxalate o Lithium Oxalate o Sodium Oxalate

Double oxalate

(most commonly used)

Lithium Oxalate

(bloody body fluids)

Sodium Oxalate

(for coagulation)