Week 2 Flashcards
A basic screening test and one of the most frequently ordered laboratory procedure
Complete blood count
Test that measures the number of WBC in your body
White blood cell count
detects hidden infections
White blood cell count
Increase RBC
Polycythemia
Measurement of the concentration of Hgb in the blood
Hemoglobin determination
Can detect immature WBC and abnormalities, both of which are signs of potential issues.
Differential count
Volume of packed RBC that occupies a given volume of whole blood.
Hematocrit
Used also to rule out Anemia
Hgb determination
Who carries oxygen to your body
RBC
Hematocrit also known as
Packed Cell Volume
Use to assess the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow
Reticulocyte count
production of rbc
Erythropoietic
Whole blood, anticoagulated with EDTA is stained with a ________ such as _______________________
Supravital stain ; new methylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue, or pure azure blue
Common hematology test and nonspecific measure of inflammation
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
activities done in prior to the examination of the specimen or sample that is intended to establish system conducive to accuracy testing.
Preventive
Gives valuable diagnostic information about the
hematologic and other body system , prognosis
response to treatment and recovery.
complete blood count
Hb the main component of erythrocytes , serves
as the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
hemoglobin determination
ratio of the volume of packed RBCs
to the volume of whole blood.
hematocrit determination
units of RBC to be reported
microliter (μL, mcL,
also called cubic millimeter, mm3 ), milliliter (mL, also
called cubic centimeter, or cc), or liter (L)
may be counted visually using a microscope
and HEMACYTOMETER
white blood cell count
he total count of circulating WBC is differentiated according to the five
types of leukocytes
- neutrophils : pyogenic infection
- eosinophils : allergic disorder
parasitic infestation - basophils : parasitic infection
lymphocytes : viral infection
monocytes : severe infection by phagocytosis
Rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of
one hour.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
phenotypically detects an inherited RBC enzyme
deficiency causing severe episodic hemolytic anemia
GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ASSAY
sum of all those activities in which the
laboratory is engaged to ensure that information
generated by the laboratory is correct.
Quality assurance
done when error is detected to
correct the system.
corrective
Activities done during testing to determine whether test systems are performing correctly
assessment
the closeness to the estimated value to the true mean
accuracy
reproducibility of a result, whether
accurate or inaccurate
precision
One of the oldest hematology tests
ESR
uses graduated
concentrations of saline solutions to detect
SPHEROCYTES
Osmotic fragility test
used to
detect and diagnose sickle cell anemia and other inherited
qualitative hemoglobin abnormalities and thalassemia’s
SICKLE CELL SOLUBILITY SCREENING ASSAY, HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS and HIGH
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
The real purpose is to determine how
correct/incorrect the result is.
quality assurance
Blood sample collected is called _______
instead of capillary blood
peripheral blood
sites of skin puncture
finger (middle or ring)
earlobe
<1yr old - lateral portion of the plantar surface of heel/toe
blood specimen collection:
- skin puncture
- venipuncturee
manner of inserting a needle attached to a syringe to a palpable vein to collect blood for laboratory testing.
venipuncture
methods of collection for venipuncture
- syringe method
- ETS method
- winged blood collection set
MOST COMMON ANTICOAGULANT USED IN
HEMATOLOGY
EDTA
Most common and preferred anticoagulant
for coagulation studies
Citrate
Most commonly used for Osmotic Fragility Testing and
immunotyping
Heparin
Methods of skin puncture
- finger puncture
- earlobe puncture
- heel stick procedure
Sites to avoid
- inflammed and pallor area
- scarred and heavily calloused area
- cold and cyanotic area
3 factors involved in a good venipuncture
- phlebotomist
- patient and his/her vein
- equipment needed
Angle of needle insertion
15-30
Blood pressure cap
40-60 mmHg
Sites of venipuncture in newborn infants
- external jugular vein
- temporal vein
- superior longitudinal sinus
Sites of venipuncture in older children
- femoral vein
- long saphenous vein
- ankle vein
- popliteal vein
Complications of venipuncture
- hematoma
- fainting
Bind to non-ionized form of calcium chelates
EDTA
Binds calcium
Citrate
Oxalates
Binds thrombin
Heparin
Double oxalates also known as
Balance oxalate
Addressed in blood specimen collection texts and coagulation specimen management
Pre analytical
Examples of pre analytical
- specimen collected in the wrong tube or container
- incorrect labeling of specimen
- improper processing of specimen
- specimen procured at the wrong time
- Specimen obtained from the wrong patient
- Blood specimens collected in the wrong order
Examples of analytical
- oversight of instrument flags
- out of control quality control results
- wrong assay preformed
Examples or post analytical
- Verbal reporting of results
- confusion about reference ranges
- fail to report critical values immediately
- Laboratory Information System (LIS)
incompatibility error
immature WBC that are okay to be seen in diff count
reticulocytes and stab neutrophil
If reticulocytes are increased, rule out
hemolysis
ratio of reticulocytes
1:1
measures the rate of fall
ESR
ESR unit of measurement
mm/hr
disease associated with increase of ESR
- rheumatoid arthritis
- tuberculosis
- pregnancy
minimize error
quality control
advantage of skin puncture using earlobe
less painful
disadvantage of skin puncture
cannot repeat test
small amount can be obtain
two patten of veins in antecubital
- H pattern
- M pattern
order of draw
- blood culture
- coagulation tube
- serum tubes with or without activator
- heparin
- EDTA
- sodium fluoride
advantages of ETS
- can repeat test
- easy to manipulate
3 forms of EDTA
- dipotassium EDTA
- disodium EDTA
- Tripotassium EDTA
disadvantage of double oxalate
o Not recommended for blood transfusions
o Causes agglutination or clumping of WBCs
and platelets
o Not recommended for peripheral blood smear
Ammonium oxalate
(RBC Swells
Potassium oxalate
RBC shrinks
- 3 forms of oxalate:
o Double oxalate
o Lithium Oxalate
o Sodium Oxalate
Double oxalate
(most commonly used)
Lithium Oxalate
(bloody body fluids)
Sodium Oxalate
(for coagulation)
