INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY Flashcards
Who describe worms in the blood?
Athanasius Kircher
Who discovered erythrocytes?
Swammerdam
In what year Athanasius Kircher described worms in the blood?
1657
In what year Swammerdam discovered erythrocyte?
1658
Who described human erythrocyte?
Anton Van Leuwenhoek
In what year Anton Van Leuwenhoek described human erythrocyte?
1674
In what year platelets were descibe?
1842
Who distinguished PMN from other leukocytes?
Wharton Jones
When did Wharton Jones distinguish PMN from other leukocytes?
1846
Who first complete classification of leukocytes?
Ehrlich
In what year Ehrlich complete classification of leukocytes?
1879
Who developed of wrights stain?
James Homer Wright
In what year James Homer Wright developed wrighg stain
1902
In what year hematology was considered a separate science from clinical pathology?
1920
-a
Without
-blast
Youngest / nucleated
-chomic
Color
-cyte
Cell
-Dys
Abnormal
-emia
In the blood
Ferro
Iron
Hyper-
Increased
Hypo-
Decreased
Iso-
Equal
Macro-
Large
Mega-
Very large / huge
Micro
Small
Myelo
Marrow
Normo
Normal
-Oid
Like
FBC
Full Blood Count
Fl
Femtoliter
Hb
Hemoglobin Concentration
Hct
Hematocrit
MCH
Mean Cell Hemoglobin
MCV
Mean Cell Volume
MCHC
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration
CBC
Complete Blood Count
PG
Picogram
A life sustaining fluid which circulates through the heart and blood vessels
Blood
It carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and waste products to the lungs, liver and kidney where they can be removed from the body
Blood
What are the blood composition ?
- formed elements
- plasma
- platelets
Includes erythrocyte, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma
Formed elements
Liquid portion of unclotted blood
Plasma
Fluid that remains after coagulation has occured and clot has formed
Serum
Composed of approximately 90% water and contains proteins, enzymes, hormones, lipids, and salts
Plasma
Normally appears hazy and pale yellow
Plasma
Normally appears clear and straw colored
Serum
What is the percentage of plasma?
55% of total blood
How long does blood coagulates in vitro?
5-10 mins
What is the total weight of the blood?
60-80ml/kg
What is the total blood volume un adult male?
5-6 L
What is the total blood volume in adult female?
4-5 L
What is the TBV in newborn?
250-350 ml
thickness and stickness of blood
Viscosity or blood viscosity
What is the normal pH of blood?
7.35-7.45 (average of 7.40)
pH of Venous blood
7.35
pH of Arterial blood
7.45
It is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance
Blood specific gravity
Specific gravity is also called
Relative density
What is the color of arterial blood
Bright red
What is the color of venous blood?
Dark purplish red
Concentration of solutes dissolved in the blood
Osmolality
What is the instrument used to measure solutes?
Osmometer
Enumerate the function of blood
- respiratory
- nutritional
- excretory
- buffering action
- body defense mechanism
- maintenance of constant body temperature
Came from the greek work “haima”
Meaning blood
A substance in which another is formed
Precursor
Transport oxygen
RBC or erythrocyte
Immune system
WBC or leukocytes
Coagulation
Platelets or thrombocytes
What are the waste products that can be remove via kidney
Creatinine and urea
If there are more than 7.5 pH it is
Alkalosis
If there are less than 7.3 pH it is
Acidosis
Protein in plasma is around
7%
Responsible for stopping the blood flow
Fibrinogen
Maintain osmotic balance between blood and the tissue fluid
Albumin
Proteins that are synthesized in the liver - for transport
Globulin
How many grams of blood pero 100 mL
20 grams
it is a measurement of the acidity of basicity of an aqueous solution
pH of blood
Organs that are responsible in maintaining blood’s pH
KBL
K - kidney
B - brain
L - lungs
Prevent the pH of blood to be acidic
Carbonate
Work in internal fluid of the cells
Phosphate
Binds to small amount of acid
Hemoglobin
Specific gravity of whole blood
1.045-1.066
Specific gravity of serum
1.024-1.028
Specific gravity of plasma
1.025-1.029
Reference range of osmolality
281-297 milliosmoles per kg or mOsms/kg
What is the lifespan of platelets?
9-12 days
What is the lifespan of erythrocyte?
120 days
Phagocytic cells. Engulfs foreign substance. Has 2-5 lobes
Neutrophin
Bluish black granules
Basophils
Red orange granules
Eosinophils
Largest WBC
Monocytes
Transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs
Respiratory
Serves as a transport of blood and other materials to the different tissue of the body
Nutritional
It pick up metabolic end product and delivers them to other organs for use
Excretion
Helps maintain homeostasis
Buffering action
Synthesized in the liver ; fight with infection
Globulin
A cellular component of blood that lacks hemoglobin, has nucleus, and capable of motility
Leukocytes
Size of thrombocytes
2-4 um
Size of erythrocyte
7-8 um
Pan
All/overall
Phleb
Vein
Phago
Eat/ingest
Poikilo
Varied/irregular
Poly
Many
Schis
Split
Scler
Hard
Splen
Spleen
Throm
Clot/thrombus
Xanth
Yellow
-osis
Increased
-penia
Decreased
Plasia
Formation
Poiesis
Cell production
Pro
Before
Aniso
unequal
SI units of hemoglobin
g/L
SI units of cells
per uL or cells/L
SI units of MCH
Pg or picogram
SI units of MCV
Fl
What is the major function of platelets
Coagulation for hemostasis
Largest bone marrow
Megakaryotes
What are the two important gases of respiratory?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Enumerate function of the blood
- respiratory
- nutritional
- excretory
- buffering action
- maintenance of constant body temperature
- body defense mechanism
- transportation of hormones and orher endocrine secretion that regulates cell function
Reference range for osmolality?
281-297 milliosmoles per kilogram mOsms/kg
