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HEMA LEC PRELIM > HEMATOPOIESIS > Flashcards

HEMATOPOIESIS Flashcards

1
Q

is a continuous, regulated
process of blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis

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2
Q

Hematopoiesis includes:

A
  • Cell Renewal – replenishment
  • Proliferation – multiplication
  • Differentiation – immature to immature
  • Maturation
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3
Q

What are the two hematopoietic development?

A
  • Prenatal/Fatal Development
  • Postnatal/Adult Hematopoiesis
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4
Q

What are the examples of Prenatal/Fatal Development

A
  • Mesoblastic
  • Hepatic
  • Myeloid
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5
Q

Primitive erythrocytes are found in the yolk sac arise from mesodermal cell

A

mesoblastic phase

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6
Q

chief site of mesoblastic where
hematopoiesis takes place

A

yolk sac

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7
Q

Begins around the 19th day of embryonic
development after fertilization

A

mesoblastic phase

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8
Q

Fifth month of fetal development

A

Medullary (Myeloid) Phase

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9
Q

first fully developed organ in the fetus. The major site of T cell production

A

Thymus

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10
Q

The hepatic phase of hematopoiesis begins at 5 to 7 gestational weeks

A

Hepatic phase

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11
Q

needed for oxygen transportation, not found in Adult Life

A

Embryonic Hemoglobin

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12
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Gower II

A

2 alpha 2 epsilon

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13
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Gower I

A

2 epsilon 2 zeta

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14
Q

chief site with the help of Spleen

A

Liver

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15
Q

Characterized by recognizable clusters of developing
erythroblasts, granulocytes, and monocytes colonizing
the fetal liver, thymus, spleen, placenta

A

Hepatic phase

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16
Q

The developing erythroblasts signal the beginning of
definitive hematopoiesis with a decline in primitive
hematopoiesis of the yolk sac.

A

Hepatic phase

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17
Q

Embryonic Hemoglobin is replaced by ______ and detectable ______

A

Hemoglobin F ; Hemoglobin A

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18
Q

Organs which produce B cells

A

Kidney, Spleen

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19
Q

Adult Hemoglobin

A

Hb A, Hb A2

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20
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Hb A

A

2 alpha 2 beta

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21
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Hb A2

A

2 alpha 2 delta

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22
Q

Adult hematopoietic tissue located in

A

→ Bone Marrow
→ Lymph Nodes
→ Spleen, Liver
→ Thymus

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23
Q

Hematopoietic tissue is involved in the proliferation and
maturation of blood cells.

A

POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT

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24
Q

Organs involved in postnatal development.

A

A. Bone marrow – largest
B. Liver
C. Spleen
D. Lymph Nodes
E. Thymus

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25
One of the largest organs in the body
Bone marrow
26
Major function of bone marrow
proliferation and production of blood cells
27
Hematopoietically inactive marrow composed primarily of adipocytes and fat cells, with undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and macrophages.
Yellow marrow
28
Hematopoietically active marrow consisting of the developing blood cells and their progenitors (flat bones of the skull, clavicle, sternum, ribs, vertebrae and pelvis
Red marrow
29
Immature, undifferentiated hematopoietic cells committed to a definite cell lineage yet to be identified
progenitors
30
Production of erythrocytes, platelets, basophil, etc.
Common myeloid progenitors
31
production of Lymphocytes
Common Lymphoid Progenitors
32
4 Main Functions of Red Bone Marrow
1. Production of blood cells 2. Destruction of erythrocytes 3. Iron storage (from Hb breakdown) 4. Central organ for B lymphocyte development
33
2 major components of bone marrow
- red marrow - yellow marrow
34
Becomes abundant during 5 and 7 years of age where they occupy the spaces in the long bones previously dominated by red marrow
yellow marrow
35
Plays an important role in stem cell differentiation and proliferation.
Hematopoietic Microenvironment
36
Regulate the flow of particles entering and leaving hematopoietic spaces.
Endothelial cells
37
It is responsible for supplying semifluid matrix (stroma) that serves as an anchor for the developing hematopoietic cells.
Hematopoietic Microenvironment
38
Secrete various steroids that influence erythropoiesis, maintains e bone integrity and regulates the volume of marrow.
adipocytes
39
Function in phagocytosis and secretion of various cytokines that regulate hematopoiesis contiunation
macrophages
40
Are bone-forming cells – water bug or comet appearance (plasma cell)
osteoblasts
41
Bone resorbing cells or destroying cells
osteoclast
42
Supports the vascular sinuses and developing hematopoietic cells
Reticular Cells (fibroblasts)
43
Composition of Extracellular Matrix of BM
1. Proteoglycans/Glycosaminoglycans 2. Fibronectin 3. Collagen 4. Laminin 5. Hemonectin 6. Thrombospondin
44
serves as the major site of blood cell production during the second trimester of fetal development
Liver
45
Function of liver
1) Protein synthesis and degradation 2) Coagulation factor synthesis carbohydrate and lipid metabolism All coagulation factors are synthesized in the liver except for FIV 3) Drug and toxin clearance 4) Iron recycling and storage 5) Hemoglobin degradation
46
largest lymphoid organ in the body.
spleen
47
It is vital but not essential for life
spleen
48
Composed primarily of vascular sinusoids and sinuses separated.
red pulp
49
Consists of scattered follicles with germinal centers containing lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
white pulp
50
Cells are phagocytized with subsequent degradation of cell organelles The whole RBC is taken care off
culling
51
Splenic macrophages remove inclusions or damaged surface membrane from the circulating RBCs Only the damaged part is removed
Pitting
52
bean-shaped structures
Lymph Nodes
53
Size of lymph node
(1-5 mm)
54
→ Outer Region → Contains follicles of B cells → Proliferation termed germinal factors
cortex
55
→ Region between cortex and medulla. → Contains predominantly T cells and numerous macrophage.
paracortex
56
→ Inner region → Consists primarily of T lymphocytes and plasma cells
medulla
57
Originates from endodermal and mesenchymal tissues
thymus
58
a pan myeloid growth factor that stimulates Granu, - mono, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors.
GM-CSF
59
stimulates granulocytes production and functional activation
G-CSF
60
mono, fibroblast , megakaryocytes
Meg-CSF
61
stimulates monocytes and macrophages production activity
M-CSF
62
Target cells are pronormoblast (a form of an immature cells) and CFU-Erythroid cells
Erythropoietin
63
The entry of mature blood cells into the intravascular space relies upon
- multiplication - gradual maturation - orderly release
64
3 Possible Activities of HSCs
1. Self-renewal 2. Differentiation 3. Apoptosis - refers to programmed cell death
65
group of specific glycoproteins called growth factors that regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic precursor cells
cytokines
66
Cytokines includes:
→ Interluekins (Ils) → Lymphokines → Monokines → Interferons → Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs) → Chemokines
67
Positive Influence
1. IL-1 - (inflammation) 2. IL-3 – Multilineage (growth and hematopoietic) 3. IL-6 – B cells (acute phase reactant) 4. IL-9 (promote mast cell growth / function) 5. IL11 – Megakaryocytes 6. GM-CSF 7. Kit Ligand
68
Negative Influence
1. Transforming Growth Factor-β 2. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α 3. Interferons
69
Begins around the 19th day of embryonic development after fertilization
Mesoblastic Phase / primitive hematopoiesis
70
Characterized by recognizable clusters of developing erythroblasts, granulocytes, and monocytes colonizing the fetal liver, thymus, spleen, placenta
Hepatic Phase / definitive hematopoiesis
71
surrounds the white pulp and forms a reticular meshwork containing blood vessels, macrophages, and specialized B cells
marginal zone
72
3 POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES OF HSCs
1. Self-renewal 2. Differentiation 3. Apoptosis
73
organ responsible in the conditioning of T lymphocytes
Thymus
74
storage site for platelets
spleen
75
spleen also known as
graveyard

HEMA LEC PRELIM (5 decks)

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