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HEMA LEC PRELIM > HEMATOPOIESIS > Flashcards

HEMATOPOIESIS Flashcards

1
Q

is a continuous, regulated
process of blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis

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2
Q

Hematopoiesis includes:

A
  • Cell Renewal – replenishment
  • Proliferation – multiplication
  • Differentiation – immature to immature
  • Maturation
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3
Q

What are the two hematopoietic development?

A
  • Prenatal/Fatal Development
  • Postnatal/Adult Hematopoiesis
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4
Q

What are the examples of Prenatal/Fatal Development

A
  • Mesoblastic
  • Hepatic
  • Myeloid
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5
Q

Primitive erythrocytes are found in the yolk sac arise from mesodermal cell

A

mesoblastic phase

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6
Q

chief site of mesoblastic where
hematopoiesis takes place

A

yolk sac

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7
Q

Begins around the 19th day of embryonic
development after fertilization

A

mesoblastic phase

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8
Q

Fifth month of fetal development

A

Medullary (Myeloid) Phase

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9
Q

first fully developed organ in the fetus. The major site of T cell production

A

Thymus

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10
Q

The hepatic phase of hematopoiesis begins at 5 to 7 gestational weeks

A

Hepatic phase

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11
Q

needed for oxygen transportation, not found in Adult Life

A

Embryonic Hemoglobin

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12
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Gower II

A

2 alpha 2 epsilon

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13
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Gower I

A

2 epsilon 2 zeta

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14
Q

chief site with the help of Spleen

A

Liver

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15
Q

Characterized by recognizable clusters of developing
erythroblasts, granulocytes, and monocytes colonizing
the fetal liver, thymus, spleen, placenta

A

Hepatic phase

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16
Q

The developing erythroblasts signal the beginning of
definitive hematopoiesis with a decline in primitive
hematopoiesis of the yolk sac.

A

Hepatic phase

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17
Q

Embryonic Hemoglobin is replaced by ______ and detectable ______

A

Hemoglobin F ; Hemoglobin A

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18
Q

Organs which produce B cells

A

Kidney, Spleen

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19
Q

Adult Hemoglobin

A

Hb A, Hb A2

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20
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Hb A

A

2 alpha 2 beta

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21
Q

Globin Chain Combination for Hb A2

A

2 alpha 2 delta

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22
Q

Adult hematopoietic tissue located in

A

→ Bone Marrow
→ Lymph Nodes
→ Spleen, Liver
→ Thymus

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23
Q

Hematopoietic tissue is involved in the proliferation and
maturation of blood cells.

A

POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT

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24
Q

Organs involved in postnatal development.

A

A. Bone marrow – largest
B. Liver
C. Spleen
D. Lymph Nodes
E. Thymus

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25
Q

One of the largest organs in the body

A

Bone marrow

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26
Q

Major function of bone marrow

A

proliferation and production of blood cells

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27
Q

Hematopoietically inactive marrow
composed primarily of adipocytes and fat
cells, with undifferentiated mesenchymal
cells and macrophages.

A

Yellow marrow

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28
Q

Hematopoietically active marrow
consisting of the developing blood cells and their progenitors (flat bones of the skull, clavicle, sternum, ribs, vertebrae and pelvis

A

Red marrow

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29
Q

Immature,
undifferentiated hematopoietic cells
committed to a definite cell lineage yet to
be identified

A

progenitors

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30
Q

Production of erythrocytes, platelets, basophil, etc.

A

Common myeloid progenitors

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31
Q

production of Lymphocytes

A

Common Lymphoid
Progenitors

32
Q

4 Main Functions of Red Bone Marrow

A
  1. Production of blood cells
  2. Destruction of erythrocytes
  3. Iron storage (from Hb breakdown)
  4. Central organ for B lymphocyte development
33
Q

2 major components of bone marrow

A
  • red marrow
  • yellow marrow
34
Q

Becomes abundant during 5 and 7 years of age where they occupy the spaces in the long bones previously dominated by red marrow

A

yellow marrow

35
Q

Plays an important role in stem cell differentiation
and proliferation.

A

Hematopoietic Microenvironment

36
Q

Regulate the flow of particles entering and
leaving hematopoietic spaces.

A

Endothelial cells

37
Q

It is responsible for supplying semifluid matrix (stroma) that serves as an anchor for the developing hematopoietic cells.

A

Hematopoietic Microenvironment

38
Q

Secrete various steroids that influence
erythropoiesis, maintains e bone integrity
and regulates the volume of marrow.

A

adipocytes

39
Q

Function in phagocytosis and secretion of
various cytokines that regulate
hematopoiesis contiunation

A

macrophages

40
Q

Are bone-forming cells – water bug or comet
appearance (plasma cell)

A

osteoblasts

41
Q

Bone resorbing cells or destroying cells

A

osteoclast

42
Q

Supports the vascular sinuses and
developing hematopoietic cells

A

Reticular Cells (fibroblasts)

43
Q

Composition of Extracellular Matrix of BM

A
  1. Proteoglycans/Glycosaminoglycans
  2. Fibronectin
  3. Collagen
  4. Laminin
  5. Hemonectin
  6. Thrombospondin
44
Q

serves as the major site of blood cell production
during the second trimester of fetal development

A

Liver

45
Q

Function of liver

A

1) Protein synthesis and degradation
2) Coagulation factor synthesis carbohydrate
and lipid metabolism
All coagulation factors are
synthesized in the liver except for
FIV
3) Drug and toxin clearance
4) Iron recycling and storage
5) Hemoglobin degradation

46
Q

largest lymphoid organ in the body.

A

spleen

47
Q

It is vital but not essential for life

A

spleen

48
Q

Composed primarily of vascular sinusoids
and sinuses separated.

A

red pulp

49
Q

Consists of scattered follicles with
germinal centers containing lymphocytes,
macrophages, and dendritic cells

A

white pulp

50
Q

Cells are phagocytized with subsequent
degradation of cell organelles

The whole RBC is taken care off

A

culling

51
Q

Splenic macrophages remove inclusions
or damaged surface membrane from the
circulating RBCs

Only the damaged part is removed

A

Pitting

52
Q

bean-shaped structures

A

Lymph Nodes

53
Q

Size of lymph node

A

(1-5 mm)

54
Q

→ Outer Region
→ Contains follicles of B cells
→ Proliferation termed germinal factors

A

cortex

55
Q

→ Region between cortex and medulla.
→ Contains predominantly T cells and numerous
macrophage.

A

paracortex

56
Q

→ Inner region
→ Consists primarily of T lymphocytes and
plasma cells

A

medulla

57
Q

Originates from endodermal and mesenchymal
tissues

A

thymus

58
Q

a pan myeloid growth factor that
stimulates Granu, - mono, megakaryocyte
and eosinophil progenitors.

A

GM-CSF

59
Q

stimulates granulocytes production
and functional activation

A

G-CSF

60
Q

mono, fibroblast ,
megakaryocytes

A

Meg-CSF

61
Q

stimulates monocytes and
macrophages production activity

A

M-CSF

62
Q

Target cells are pronormoblast (a form of an immature cells) and CFU-Erythroid cells

A

Erythropoietin

63
Q

The entry of mature blood cells into the intravascular space relies upon

A
  • multiplication
  • gradual maturation
  • orderly release
64
Q

3 Possible Activities of HSCs

A
  1. Self-renewal
  2. Differentiation
  3. Apoptosis - refers to programmed cell death
65
Q

group of specific glycoproteins
called growth factors that regulates the proliferation,
differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic precursor cells

A

cytokines

66
Q

Cytokines includes:

A

→ Interluekins (Ils)
→ Lymphokines
→ Monokines
→ Interferons
→ Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs)
→ Chemokines

67
Q

Positive Influence

A
  1. IL-1 - (inflammation)
  2. IL-3 – Multilineage (growth and hematopoietic)
  3. IL-6 – B cells (acute phase reactant)
  4. IL-9 (promote mast cell growth / function)
  5. IL11 – Megakaryocytes
  6. GM-CSF
  7. Kit Ligand
68
Q

Negative Influence

A
  1. Transforming Growth
    Factor-β
  2. Tumor Necrosis
    Factor-α
  3. Interferons
69
Q

Begins around the 19th day of embryonic development
after fertilization

A

Mesoblastic Phase / primitive hematopoiesis

70
Q

Characterized by recognizable clusters of developing
erythroblasts, granulocytes, and monocytes colonizing the
fetal liver, thymus, spleen, placenta

A

Hepatic Phase / definitive hematopoiesis

71
Q

surrounds the white pulp and forms a reticular
meshwork containing blood vessels,
macrophages, and specialized B cells

A

marginal zone

72
Q

3 POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES OF HSCs

A
  1. Self-renewal
  2. Differentiation
  3. Apoptosis
73
Q

organ responsible in the conditioning of T
lymphocytes

A

Thymus

74
Q

storage site for platelets

A

spleen

75
Q

spleen also known as

A

graveyard

HEMA LEC PRELIM (5 decks)

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