RBC Flashcards
1
Q
Mature RBC size
A
6-8 micron
2
Q
less stable than those of mature cells
A
reticulocytes
3
Q
the skeletal system for living cell
A
tubulin
4
Q
responsible for contraction and relaxation of the membrane
A
actin
5
Q
Mature Red Blood Cell Membrane
A
Soft and pliable
Biconcave shape
Consists of a membrane skeleton
protein lattice and lipid bilayer
6
Q
Outer layer of membrane lipids
A
- phosphatidyl choline
- sphingomyelin
7
Q
Inner layer of membrane lipids
A
- phosphatidyl serine
- phosphatidyl ethanolamine
8
Q
Membrane proteins
A
- integral protein
- peripheral protein
9
Q
Integral protein
A
BAG
- Band 3
- Aquaporin
- Glycophorin
10
Q
Peripheral protein
A
o Actin
o Protein4.1
o Pallidin(band4.2)
o Ankyrin
o Adducin
o Tropomycin
o Tropomodulin
11
Q
Anion transport
A
BAnd 3
12
Q
Interaction with ankyrin and protein
4.2, secondarily through binding to
protein4.1
A
Band 3
13
Q
Imparts a negative charge to the cell
A
Glycophorin
14
Q
Exchanges bicarbonate for
chloride
A
Band 3
15
Q
Selective pores for water transport
A
Aquaporin
16
Q
Flexible,rod-likemolecule
A
spectrin
17
Q
two subunit of spectrin
A
Alpha and beta spectrin
18
Q
responsible for the shape of RBC
A
spectrin, ankyrin, actin
19
Q
Attachment for ankyrin near C terminus
A
beta spectrin
20
Q
Short, uniform filaments
A
actin
21
Q
Length of actin is modulated by
A
tropomyosin/tropomodulin
22
Q
Stabilizes actin-spectrin interactions
A
Protein 4.1
23
Q
Also stabilzes interaction of spectrin with actin
* Influenced by calmodulin
A
Adducin
24
Q
Promotes spectrin-actin interactions
A
ankyrin
25
Interacts with band 3 and spectrin to achieve linkage
between bilayer and skeleton
ankyrin
26
During pressure upon RBC, spectrin molecules undergo
reversible change in conformation: some uncoiled and
extended, others compressed and folded.
membrane deformability
27
Cytoplasmic contents of RBCs include
potassium ions,
sodium ions, glucose, intermediate products of
glycolysis and enzymes
28
Major source of the essential cellular energy
Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
29
Embden-Meyerhof Pathway end product
pyruvate and lactate
30
Embden meyerhof pathway glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
31
percentage of glycolysis occurs in EMP pathway
90%
32
How EMP form ATP
glucose > lactic acid > form 2 ATP
33
Oxidative Pathway also known as
Hexose monophosphate shunt
Pentose phosphate pathway
34
what is the enzyme involved in hexose monophosphate shunt?
G6PD
35
Percentage of glycolysis occurs in hexose monophosphate shunt
10%
36
How reduced glutathione form
Convert NADP to NADPH then NADPH will
convert to reduced glutathione
37
end product of Hexose monophosphate shunt
production of reduced glutathione
38
Depends on Embden-Meyerhof pathway for the reduced
pyridine nucleotides that keeps hgb in a reduced state
methemoglobin reductase pathway
39
function of methemoglobin reductase pathway
maintains hemoglobin iron in the ferrous state and this will then convert methemoglobin back to normal hemoglobin using methemoglobin reductase enzyme
40
Important in the oxygen carrying capacity of
RBCs
Leubering-Rapoport Pathway
41
regulates oxygen affinity of hemoglobin
Leubering-Rapoport Pathway
42
Leubering-Rapoport pathway will generate ______ to regulate the affinity in
hemoglobin to oxygen.
2,3DPG (2,3 – Diphosphoglycerate)
43
low 2,3 DPG therefore high hemoglobin affinity
shift to the left
44
high 2,3 DPG therefore low hemoglobin affinity
shift to the right
45
prevents denaturation of globin of the hemoglobin molecules by oxidation
oxidative pathway
46
Term describing the dynamic of RBC production
ERYTHROKINETICS
47
name given to the collection of all stages of
erythrocytes throughout the body, developing precursor in
the bm, and the circulating rbc in peripheral blood.
Erythron
48
A hormone produced in the kidney in response to tissue
hypoxia
ERYTHROPOIETIN
49
* Elevated EPO levels are observed in:
Erythroid hyperplasia
Polycythemia
Hemorrhages
Inc RBC destruction
50
– loss of a portion of the erythrocytes
membrane, accompanied by loss of cellular contents
including hemoglobin
Fragmentation
51
passing of water into the red cell as to
ultimately burst it
. Osmotic lysis
52
ingestion of whole red cells by
circulating monocytes or neutrophil or by fixed
macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system
Erythrophagocytosis
53
complement has the
ability to attach itself to the cells and induce lysis.
Complement induced cytolysis
54
Lysis of erythrocytes which occurs within the
circulation through the classic pathway
Intravascular hemolysis
55
major free
hemoglobin transport protein
Haptoglobin
56
hemoglobin in plasma will bind to
- haptoglobin
- hemoglobinemia/hemoglobinuria
- renal tubular
57
recycled into amino acids for protein synthesis
globin
58
What will bind to transferrin that will be transported to bm
iron
59
causes INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
ABO mismatched blood transfusion
o Cold agglutinin disease (CAD)
o Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Burns
Snake bites
o Bacterial – C.perfringens sepsis
o Parasitic infection
o Mechanical heart valvles
o Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
60
causes EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
o Bacterial/Viral infections
o Drug induced
o Autoimmune
o Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
o Hemoglobinopathies
o Membrane defects
o Metabolic defects
61
linkage of lipid bilayer to underlying membrane skeleton
band 3
62
support all the content and structural integrity of the RBC
horizontal interaction
63
support the internal and external of RBC (all the content of RBC)
vertical interaction
64
carries MN and gerbich blood group antigen
Glycophorin A
65
important for P. falciparum invasion and development in RBC
Glycophorin C, glycophorin A
66
It is very rich in sialic acid which will need of RBC to become hydrophilic to enable them to circulate without adhering to other cells
Glycophorin
67
Aquaporin also known as
water transporter
68
Allows RBC to remain in osmotic equilibrium with extracellular fluid
Aquaporin
69
binding site for actin filaments and protein 4.1
At N terminus
70
augmented by protein 4.2
ankyrin
71
deformability is an important property of red cell function influence by:
- cell shape
- cytoplasmic viscosity
- membrane deformability and stability
72
yellowish brown crystal
hemosiderin
73
this is usually happens through phagocytosis
extravascular hemolysis
