week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
sigmund Frued’s ego, superego and Id
A
conscious (ego) - thoughts that we’re aware of at nay given moment, rational, planful.
Preconscious (superego) - thoughts that we can become easily aware of e.g. date of birth, moralistic, judgmental, perfectionist.
Unconscious (Id) - Thoughts, feelings, urges and wishes that are difficult to bring to conscious awareness, Irrational, illogical, impulsive.
2
Q
The “Id”
A
- seeks release of unconscious and primal needs and desires )food, sex etc)
- works according to the pleasure principle: immediate gratification
- Not concerned with moral or social rules
3
Q
The “superego”
A
- controls moral/rule-bound behaviour, including ideals and ethics
- it rewards good behaviour and punishes bad
- conflicts with the Id
4
Q
The “ego”
A
- balances Id’s urges with superego’s constraints
- operates via reality principle: long term gratification
- It is logical, rational and resilient
5
Q
psychosexual development
A
- Oral stage (up to 2 years), focuses on oral pleasure (e.g. feeding, thumb sucking)
- Anal stage (2-3 years), Tension between pleasure (release) from toileting and social pleasure to delay.
- Phallic stage (4-5 years), focuses on genitals, realisation of physical male/female differences leads to psychological gender differentiation
- Latency stage (6 years - puberty), with key conflicts resolved, child represses sexuality and channels energy into social and intellectual pursuits.
- Genital stage (puberty-death), sexual and aggressive drives return, seeks pleasure through sexual contact with others
6
Q
Carl Jung
A
- Believed Frued over-emphasised sexuality
- Embraced a ‘mythological’ approach and rejected scientific method
- focused on dual aspects of the personality: private self vs, persona presented to others
7
Q
Alfred Adler
A
- believed Frued over emphasised sexuality
- people consciously strive to improve their lives
- Relationships shape individuals, so does desire to contribute to society
- individuals focus on compensating for painful inferiorities
8
Q
Frued on women
A
- women oppose change, receive passively and add nothing of their own
- development of sexuality is complicated by the task of renouncing the clitoris, in favour of a new zone, teh vagina
- women represent the dark continent for psychology.
9
Q
humanistic psychology
A
- people have an innate tendency towards self-actualisation
- personality is a result of you trying to become your best self
- concerned more with things such as creativity
- Abraham Maslow & Carl R. Rodgers
10
Q
Abraham Maslow
A
- studied behavioural psychology
- focused on a person-centred approach
- criticised psychology’s focus on psychopathology to understand personality
- thought focus on health & thriving was more informative
11
Q
hierarchy of needs
A
top to bottom:
- self-actualization: achieving ones full potential, including creative activities
- Esteem needs: prestige and feeling accomplished
- Belongingness and love needs: intimate relationships and friends
- safety needs: security and safety
- physiological needs: food, water, warmth and heat
12
Q
psychodynamic approach
A
- control by unconscious forces
- personally fixed based on early life experiences
- adult psychological experience = repeating conflicts of the past
- impuses denied = healthy personality functioning
- Anxiety caused by unacceptable biological impulses of Id
13
Q
Humanistic approach
A
- control by own actions/choices
- personality ot fixed; development is lifelong
- adult psychological experience = achieving self-actualisation
- congruence = healthy personality functioning
- anxiety caused by incongruence between self and one’s experience
