Week 2

Question 1

Three estates

Answer 1

Nobility
Clergy
Peasantry

Question 2

Clergy

Answer 2

Regular: Rules, monk, friar
Secular: pope, bishop, parish priest

Question 3

Friars

Answer 3

Part of regular clergy b/c of rules and vows
vows: poverty, chastity, obedience
BUT NOT the vow of location b/c they travelled
e.g. Franciscans/dominicans/carmelites (color of habit)
from 14th century: womanizers –> anticlerical feelings in society

Question 4

Great Schism

Answer 4

also: Western Schism
religious conflict between Avignon and Rome b/c multiple people claimed to be the right pope
became political conflict

Question 5

Monks

Answer 5

regular clergy
followed rule of St. Benedict
4 vows: chastity, poverty, obedience and stability of place
land given by church or nobility
after 1200 when monks didn’t follow the rules well enough friars became a thing

Question 6

Secular clergy

Answer 6

Office within the church

don’t live in communities like nunneries

Question 7

Calamitous 14th century

Answer 7

wars cause high taxes
Social upheaval: Black plague (Statute of labourers –>peasant revolt)
Religious upheaval: Great Schism, culminates into reformation in 16th century, Religious dissent

Question 8

Religious Dissent

Answer 8

Lollards
John Wycliffe
‘Bible should be taught in English’
‘Clergy no longer needed’

Question 9

Peasant revolt

Answer 9

prominent figures: Jack Straw, John Ball, Wat Tyler

King Richard II lured them into a field for ‘negotiation’ and slaughtered them

Question 10

Chaucer and the three estates

Answer 10

Doesn’t explicitly comment, but Knight, Parson and Ploughman are the only ones not satirised or criticised
However Miller interrupt the ‘order’ so he was aware of rising middle class