week 19

Question 1

Individuals have often theorized on the cause, or ______, of mental illness.

Answer 1

etiology

Question 2

What is the name of the ancient Greco-Roman belief that mental illness was caused by an imbalance in the four bodily fluids?

Answer 2

humorism

Question 3

The Greek physician Galen was one of the first people to believe that mental illness could have a ______ cause such as stress, in addition to other bodily causes.

Answer 3

psychogenic

Question 4

What book allows psychiatrists and psychologists to standardize their diagnoses of mental illness?

Answer 4

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Question 5

The idea that the cultural norms and values of a society can only be understood in their own context is known as what?

Answer 5

cultural relativism

Question 6

The belief that everyone and everything had a “soul” and that mental illness was due to animistic causes, for example, evil spirits controlling an individual.

Answer 6

Animism

Question 7

A place of refuge or safety established to confine and care for the mentally ill.

Answer 7

Asylum

Question 8

A model in which the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is seen as influencing the development of the individual.

Answer 8

Biopsychosocial model

Question 9

Developing from physical/bodily origins.

Answer 9

Somatogenesis

Question 10

Developing from psychological origins.

Answer 10

Psychogenesis

Question 11

Developing from origins beyond the visible observable universe.

Answer 11

Supernatural

Question 12

Involving a particular group of signs and symptoms.

Answer 12

Syndrome

Question 13

______ is best thought of as a negative mood state that is marked by bodily symptoms, such as accelerated pulse, muscle tension, feeling uneasy, and worries about the future.

Answer 13

Anxiety

Question 14

When Olivia was a child, she observed how her mother would count calories and restrict her eating. Now Olivia deals with her stressors by avoiding food and staying slender. Olivia’s early experiences being channeled into a food-related anxiety is an example of a(n) ______vulnerability.

Answer 14

specific and psychological

Question 15

Noah has been seeing a therapist for two weeks. Based on the symptoms, Dr. Sharma believes that he is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. For how long will the symptoms need to have been present for this diagnosis to be appropriate?

Answer 15

6 months

Question 16

From a behavioral perspective, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder may become inadvertently ______ when a person feels that their worry has led to some sort of positive outcome.

Answer 16

reinforced

Question 17

Luna has had panic attacks for some time, and when this happens she usually gets a feeling of tightness and squeezing in her chest. This attempt to avoid an internal sensation associated with a panic attack is called ______.

Answer 17

interoceptive avoidance

Question 18

Anna is invited by her friends to go to a choir performance in a large recital hall. They do not know that she has a terrible fear of such places, because the crowds make her feel trapped. Anna declines to go, but does not tell her friends that she suffers from ______.

Answer 18

agoraphobia

Question 19

Many children incorrectly believe that if they have angry wishes about a friend or relative, such wishes could amount to actual harm befalling that person. This overestimation of the relationship between one’s thoughts and actual actions is called thought-action ______.

Answer 19

fusion

Question 20

What kind of treatments have been found to be as good as, if not better than, medication for dealing with a variety of anxiety disorders?

Answer 20

exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT)

Question 21

A sort of anxiety disorder distinguished by feelings that a place is uncomfortable or may be unsafe because it is significantly open or crowded.

Answer 21

Agoraphobia

Question 22

A mood state characterized by negative affect, muscle tension, and physical arousal in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune.

Answer 22

Anxiety

Question 23

A specific genetic and neurobiological factor that might predispose someone to develop anxiety disorders.

Answer 23

Biological vulnerability

Question 24

Stimuli in the outside world that serve as triggers for anxiety or as reminders of past traumatic events.

Answer 24

External cues

Question 25

Avoidance of situations or activities that produce sensations of physical arousal similar to those occurring during a panic attack or intense fear response.

Answer 25

Interoceptive avoidance