week 14 Flashcards
In order to understand social and personality development in children, it is necessary to examine them from three different perspectives. They are the child’s:
social context, biological maturation, and developing sense of self.
Millie’s parents respond to her in a sensitive manner, reinforcing her belief that they can be relied upon in times of need. As a result, Millie is most likely to develop a(n) ______attachment.
secure
Which laboratory procedure, designed to assess attachment styles in children, involves exposing a child to separation from their caregiver followed by a reunification?
the Strange Situation
Nick and Brenda are very attentive parents. They are encouraging and warm, yet they are firm with boundaries and make sure the rules of the house are clearly communicated. When their kids make mistakes, Nick and Brenda try to use them as learning experiences, even when punishment is administered. What kind of parenting style is this?
authoritative
13-year old Kanwell’s parents are going through a divorce. They are not openly hostile to each other and are trying to handle this life change in a civil and pleasant manner. According to the research, which of the following is most likely for Kanwell?
he will not have long-term problems with his adjustment
_______ is essential in helping a child learn the mutual, sometimes complex coordination of goals, actions, and understanding?
play
Jillian and her mom are playing on the swing set at the park. A man walks up to them. When Jillian sees her mother smile and speak warmly to the man Jillian relaxes. Jillian has used ______to evaluate this individual.
social referencing
Maximillian is trying to figure out what his baby sister, Lilah, wants and why she is crying.
theory of mind
A parenting style characterized by high (but reasonable) expectations for children’s behavior, good communication, warmth and nurturance, and the use of reasoning (rather than coercion) as preferred responses to children’s misbehavior.
Authoritative
The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause young children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct.
Conscience
A description of the negative effects of family financial difficulty on child adjustment through the effects of economic stress on parents’ depressed mood, increased marital problems, and poor parenting.
Family Stress Model
Organized beliefs and expectations about maleness and femaleness that guide children’s thinking about gender.
Gender schemas
Children’s growing understanding of the mental states that affect people’s behavior.
Theory of mind
The process by which one individual consults another’s emotional expressions to determine how to evaluate and respond to circumstances that are ambiguous or uncertain.
Social referencing
The ______ function of emotion refers to an individual’s internal physiological and psychological emotional responses.
intrapersonal
The ______ function of emotion refers to the effect of one person’s emotions on other people or on the relationship between people.
interpersonal
Emotions prepare us for behavior by ______ various systems like attention, memory, and motivation.
coordinating
What do people generally feel when they see someone who has a look of distress?
sympathy
In a classic study, infants who saw their mothers’ ______ were the most likely to crawl across the visual cliff.
joy
Cultures develop “worldviews” of emotions. What do these worldviews teach members of that culture?
the most desirable emotions and behaviors for that society
This refers to the process whereby individuals look for information from others to clarify a situation, and then use that information to act. Thus, individuals will often use the emotional expressions of others as a source of information to make decisions about their own behavior.
Social referencing
Wyatt, a 12-month-old baby, was upset when his mother left. When she returned, he crawled over to her and happily hugged her. He is displaying a(n) ______attachment to his mother.
secure
Harry Harlow’s research revealed that young macaque monkeys were comforted by ______.
physical contact with soft cloth
When faced with a challenging task, secure children are most likely to do what?
keep going, persist
