week 15 Flashcards
Adolescence is marked by physical, cognitive, and ______ changes.
social
One major cognitive change in adolescence is a shift toward ______ thinking.
abstract
According to Erik Erickson, the most important conflict in adolescence involves what?
identity formation
Genetic factors make individuals more or less responsive to environmental influences. This phenomenon is known as ______.
differential susceptibility
Fifteen-year-old Charlie is prone to risky behavior because his dopaminergic system has developed to reward him, but his ______ is still immature.
prefrontal cortex
Adolescent peer groups characterized by shared reputations or images.
crowds
The spread of problem behaviors within groups of adolescents.
Deviant peer contagion
Individuals commit to an identity without exploration of options.
Foreclosure
Adolescents tend to associate with peers who are similar to themselves.
Homophily
Individuals have explored different options and then made commitments.
Identity achievement
Adolescents neither explore nor commit to any roles or ideologies.
Identity diffusion
State in which adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made identity commitments.
Moratorium
Emerging adults experience ______ in education, work, love, and housing.
instability
Belief system that emphasizes the duties and obligations that each person has toward others.
Collectivism
Belief system that exalts freedom, independence, and individual choice as high values.
Individualism
Education or training beyond secondary school, usually taking place in a college, university, or vocational training program.
Tertiary education
Ethan decides to retire from his career at the age of 52, Brandon at 61, and Akiva keeps working into his seventies. These differences reflect the ______ in the lives of adults.
heterogeneity
One of the primary types of research in developmental psychology is the ______ study, in which the same people are observed at multiple points in time.
longitudinal
Declines in ______ have been well-established by research, and help explain age differences in a variety of cognitive abilities.
hearing and vision
Brendon is taking a multiple-choice test in his psychology course. Brendon has to compare each of five possible answers to information he has previously learned, and then identify the correct response. What kind of task is this?
recognition
Which of the following personality traits has been found to predict important life outcomes, such as job success, health, and longevity?
conscientiousness
Bess is 76 years old, and finds that she is happier with just a few close friends. Bess’s behavior is consistent with Carstensen’s ______ theory.
Socioemotional Selectivity
How old or young people feel compared to their chronological age; after early adulthood, most people feel younger than their chronological age.
Age identity
Type of intellectual ability that relies on the application of knowledge, experience, and learned information.
Crystallized intelligence
