week 15

Question 1

Adolescence is marked by physical, cognitive, and ______ changes.

Answer 1

social

Question 2

One major cognitive change in adolescence is a shift toward ______ thinking.

Answer 2

abstract

Question 3

According to Erik Erickson, the most important conflict in adolescence involves what?

Answer 3

identity formation

Question 4

Genetic factors make individuals more or less responsive to environmental influences. This phenomenon is known as ______.

Answer 4

differential susceptibility

Question 5

Fifteen-year-old Charlie is prone to risky behavior because his dopaminergic system has developed to reward him, but his ______ is still immature.

Answer 5

prefrontal cortex

Question 6

Adolescent peer groups characterized by shared reputations or images.

Answer 6

crowds

Question 7

The spread of problem behaviors within groups of adolescents.

Answer 7

Deviant peer contagion

Question 8

Individuals commit to an identity without exploration of options.

Answer 8

Foreclosure

Question 9

Adolescents tend to associate with peers who are similar to themselves.

Answer 9

Homophily

Question 10

Individuals have explored different options and then made commitments.

Answer 10

Identity achievement

Question 11

Adolescents neither explore nor commit to any roles or ideologies.

Answer 11

Identity diffusion

Question 12

State in which adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made identity commitments.

Answer 12

Moratorium

Question 13

Emerging adults experience ______ in education, work, love, and housing.

Answer 13

instability

Question 14

Belief system that emphasizes the duties and obligations that each person has toward others.

Answer 14

Collectivism

Question 15

Belief system that exalts freedom, independence, and individual choice as high values.

Answer 15

Individualism

Question 16

Education or training beyond secondary school, usually taking place in a college, university, or vocational training program.

Answer 16

Tertiary education

Question 17

Ethan decides to retire from his career at the age of 52, Brandon at 61, and Akiva keeps working into his seventies. These differences reflect the ______ in the lives of adults.

Answer 17

heterogeneity

Question 18

One of the primary types of research in developmental psychology is the ______ study, in which the same people are observed at multiple points in time.

Answer 18

longitudinal

Question 19

Declines in ______ have been well-established by research, and help explain age differences in a variety of cognitive abilities.

Answer 19

hearing and vision

Question 20

Brendon is taking a multiple-choice test in his psychology course. Brendon has to compare each of five possible answers to information he has previously learned, and then identify the correct response. What kind of task is this?

Answer 20

recognition

Question 21

Which of the following personality traits has been found to predict important life outcomes, such as job success, health, and longevity?

Answer 21

conscientiousness

Question 22

Bess is 76 years old, and finds that she is happier with just a few close friends. Bess’s behavior is consistent with Carstensen’s ______ theory.

Answer 22

Socioemotional Selectivity

Question 23

How old or young people feel compared to their chronological age; after early adulthood, most people feel younger than their chronological age.

Answer 23

Age identity

Question 24

Type of intellectual ability that relies on the application of knowledge, experience, and learned information.

Answer 24

Crystallized intelligence