Week 14: Infection Control and Nursing Practices - Part 2 Flashcards
What is Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Detection/Management ?
The continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data for action.
What types of Information Might Be Surveilled?
- Healthcare-associated infections (e.g., MRSA, Cā Difficile, surgical site infections, bloodstream infections)
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Syndromic surveillance
- Vaccine rates
- Hand hygiene compliance
- Environmental monitoring (sterilization processes, air/water quality)
- Adverse events (e.g., post-vaccination adverse reactions)
- Patient and staff screening
What are some Surveillance Methodologies?
- Active vs. Passive
- Sentinel vs. Population-Based
- Case-based vs. Aggregate Surveillance
- Zoonotic surveillance
What is Active Surveillance?
Active participation in the system to receive reports of disease cases (might involve contacting health facilities or reviewing medical records to identify cases)
What is Passive Surveillance?
Routine reporting of cases to health officials; Data management and analysis are conducted after the data are received
What is an example of Active Surveillance?
Contact tracing
What is Sentinel Surveillance?
Involves a single or small number of health facilities for data collection; Provides information on proportions caused by different pathogens, age distribution, and risk factors. Can monitor trends in a facility given stable healthcare patterns and population
What is Population-based Surveillance?
Can either represent the whole country (national) or a defined subnational population area; As the population is defined, it produces disease rates (incidence and mortality rates), allowing comparison between other population-based surveillance sites
What is Case-based Surveillance?
Collects detailed information about each case at the individual level; Data includes person (who is infected), place
What is Aggregate Surveillance?
Data exists in various forms but lacks detailed information on specific cases; Typically includes the number of cases for a specific region and time period; Allows for monitoring the number of cases but lacks individual-level data for detailed analyses
What are some examples of Zoonotic Surveillance?
World Organisation for Animal Health
Public Health Agency of Canada
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry
How are outbreaks confirmed?
Confirm and validate collected data
Examine possible explanatory factors (increase in testing and in population)
What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)?
When microbes become resistant or immune to treatments
What does a Travel Clinic Nurse do?
Provide pre-travel medical consultations to assess health risks and prevent travel-related illnesses; Recommend and administer appropriate vaccinations and prescription medications.
What do Public Health Nurses do?
- Communicable disease division
- Sexual health
- Immunization programs
- School Health
- Public health laboratory liaison
- Outbreak management and contact tracing
What does an Occupational Health Nurse do?
Play an important role in ensuring workplaces are safe and healthy places to work
Communicable disease surveillance, blood-borne disease management, absence management, health assessments (pre-placement, referrals, respiratory fitness, illness, injury), health surveillance, health teaching and promotion, immunization, and others!
Where are some examples of where Infection, Prevention, and Control (IPAC) is used?
Long-term care facility
Retirement home
Homeless shelters
Public health
Consultants
Home care
Sales associates
