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Psychopharm Final > Week 14: Alcohol and Sedatives > Flashcards

Week 14: Alcohol and Sedatives Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pharmacodynamic mechanism of methylphenidate?

A

Blocks DA reuptake, increases DA release, stimulates DA receptors

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2
Q

Zolpidem is a

-Non-benzodiazepine BZRA
-benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
-non-benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
-benzodiazepine receptor agonist

A

Non-benzodiazepine BZRA

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3
Q

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol because it converts __________ into ____________.

A. Acetaldehyde; acetate
B. acetate; acetyl CoA
C. alcohol; acetaldehyde
D. alcohol; acetate

A

Acetaldehyde; acetate

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4
Q

An individual’s reduction in problem-solving abilities when under the influence of alcohol is probably due to

A. An increase of DA release in the frontal lobes 
B. An increase of GABA in the amygdala 
C. An increase of inhibition in the cerebellum 
D. An increase of DA release in the nucleus accumbens
A

An increase of DA release in the frontal lobes

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5
Q

Ethanol is readily soluble in

A. Water, but not fat 
B. Fat, but not water 
C. Neither fat nor water 
D. Both fat and water
A

Both fat and water

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6
Q

Temazepam is listed as pregnancy category ______

A. D
B. C
C. B
D. X
A

X

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7
Q

The pharmacodynamic mechanism of naltrexone is to

A. Stimulate 5-HT receptors 
B. Block DA receptors 
C. Stimulate NE receptors 
D. Block opiate receptors
A

Block opiate receptors

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8
Q

Benzodiazepines have largely replaced treatment for insomnia for the following reasons EXCEPT:

A. They are less addictive 
B. They are safer 
C. They have a more rapid onset of effects
D. They have shorter half lives
A

A. They are less addictive

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9
Q

A reason that women have higher blood ethanol levels than men, after accounting for size/body weight, is because women have

A. Lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system
B. lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver
C. higher levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system
D. higher levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their liver.

A

Lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system

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10
Q

Severe acute liver toxicity can occur when alcohol is combined with

A. Acetaminophen
B. SSRIs
C. Amphetamine 
D. Benzodiazepines
A

Acetaminophen

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11
Q

Zolpidem is used as a sleep aid because it has a relatively ___________ half-life and __________ metabolites.

A. Short; active 
B. Short; inactive 
C. Long; inactive 
D. Long; active
A

Short; inactive

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12
Q

What class of sedative is temazepam?

A. Non-benzodiazepine BZRA 
B. Non-barbiturate sedative 
C. Barbiturate 
D. Benzodiazepine
A

Benzodiazepine

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13
Q

Eszopiclone has been FDA approved for continuous use up to

A. 1 year 
B. 6 months 
C. 2 weeks 
D. 3 months
A

6 months

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14
Q

The most common cause of death when combining benzodiazepines with another CNS depressant is

A. Respiratory depression 
B. Bradycardia 
C. Hypotension 
D. Seizures
A

Respiratory depression

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15
Q

The half-life of ethanol is determined by all of the following EXCEPT:

individual metabolic factors
presence of food in the gut
size of the individual
amount consumed

A

amount consumed

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16
Q

50% of all fatal car accidents are caused by ___

A

alcohol

17
Q

TRUE/FALSE: alcohol is water and lipid soluble

A

TRUE

18
Q

Alcohol’s half-life is dependent on which 4 factors?

A

-size/weight
-individual metabolism rate
-related food intake
specific beverage consumed.

19
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Men metabolize less ethanol than women

A

FALSE

20
Q

Alcohol’s metabolism is ___ over time

A

constant

21
Q

Alcohol tolerance occurs with ____

A

chronic, heavy use

22
Q

what is the 12th cause of death is the USA?

A

liver damage

23
Q

75% of alcoholism deaths are caused by ____

A

liver damage

24
Q

Alcohol toxicity can lead to ____ and ____

A

respiratory depression, organ failure

25
Q

Antabuse works by ______

A

blocking metabolism, allowing acetaldehyde build-up.

26
Q

vivitrol/revia (naltrexone) works by ____

A

blocking opioid receptors, decreasing reinforcing value of alcohol.

27
Q

____ is a GABA agonst/glutamate NMDA antagonist

A

Campral (acamprosate)

28
Q

___ is a DA agonist and is good for pts who are also depressed

A

wellbutrin (buproprion)

29
Q

_____ are better for pts who start drinking later and have less psychopathology

A

serotonin agonists

30
Q

____ is a nicotinic partial agonosit

A

chantic (varenicline)

31
Q

____ is a cannabinoid antagonist

A

accomplia (rimonabant)

32
Q

The safety index of barbiturates is ___

A

low

33
Q

BZDs have ___ metabolites

A

active

34
Q

Flurazepam (Dalmane) is ___ effective the longer you take it

A

MORE (this is due to the accumulation of active metabolites with long half life)

35
Q

Triazolam (Halcion) is best for ____

A

sleep-onset insomnia

36
Q

Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is an ____

A

amnestic

37
Q

nonbenzodiazepines (BZRAs) have a ___ risk for dependence

A

lower

Psychopharm Final (8 decks)

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