Week 13: Meiosis 2 and Transcription

Question 1

Two processes occur during Meiosis I that further increase genetic variation in offspring:

Answer 1

Crossing Over

Independent assortment

Question 2

Points where chromosomes cross during “Crossing Over” is called

Answer 2

chiasmata

Question 3

How does crossing over increase genetic variation in gametes?

A. It exchanges segments of DNA between maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes.

B. It shuffles the order of genes on a single chromosome.

C. It mixes up maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes.

D. It changes nucleotides to create new alleles.

Answer 3

A. It exchanges segments of DNA between maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes.

Question 4

How does crossing over increase genetic variation?

Answer 4

Splits up alleles that occur on the same chromosome

Creates new combinations of alleles in gametes

Question 5

How does independent assortment increase genetic variation

Answer 5

Independent assortment can split up alleles on different chromosomes that were originally inherited from one parent

page 11 for example

Question 6

Define DNA transcription

Answer 6

the process of making a ‘copy’ of the gene.

Question 7

Define DNA Translation

Answer 7

The process of converting the information carried by mRNA into a sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain (protein).

Question 8

what is mRNA

Answer 8

mRNA serves as a crucial carrier of genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins

Question 9

answer question on page 26

Question 10

answer quesiton on page 28

Question 11

what is the role of RNA Polymerase

Answer 11

RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing genetic information from DNA into RNA during the process of transcription. This synthesized RNA molecule, typically messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins.

RNA Polymerase adds ribonucleotides

Question 12

what is RNA Processing in regards to introns and exons

Answer 12

non-coding regions called introns

coding regions called exons

The removal of introns and the joining of exons through splicing are crucial for generating a functional mRNA molecule that can be efficiently translated into a protein.

Question 13

do question on page 37