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HSCI Post Midterm > Week 13 Lecture (STIs and Contraception) > Flashcards

Week 13 Lecture (STIs and Contraception) Flashcards

1
Q

Can Herpes Be transmitted via toilet seats

A

No

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2
Q

Define Prevalence

A

total number of cases of a diseas in a population; expressed as percent

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3
Q

why is term STI used instead of STD

A

STI means infected, but STD means there are symptoms and the STI is changing body functions

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4
Q

Define STI

A

infection of individual with sexually transmitted pathogen (bacteria, parasite, or virus)

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5
Q

Do STI’s have to have symptoms

A

all STIs can be asymptomatic, but if they have symptoms = changing body functions = STD

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6
Q

describe a bacterial STI and give examples

A

caused by bacteria, mostly cured with antibiotics, serious conditions arise if untreated ex chlamydia gonnorrhea syphilis

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7
Q

describe viral STI and give examples

A

caused by virus, most cannot be cured but can be managed, ex HPv, herpes and Hepatitis B

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8
Q

Describe Parasitic STI and give examples

A

caused by organisms that feed off body, easy to treat and cure ex: trichomoniasis and pubic lice

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9
Q

Describe Pelvic Inflammatory Disease PID

A

painful, inflammation of uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, caused by one or more untreated STI

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10
Q

Describe Urethritis

A

painful inflammation of urethra, caused by one or more untreated STI

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11
Q

Describe Epydidymitis

A

painful swelling and inflamation of epydidymis, caused by one or more untreated STI

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12
Q

Describe Chlamydia Trachomatis

A

Chlamydia: most common reportable STI in canada, mostly asymptomatic (75% of females and 50% o males),

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13
Q

Chlamydia Symptoms for males

A

burning while peeing, irritation/inflammation of urethra opening, white, thick cloudy discharge from penis or anus

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14
Q

Chlamydia symptoms in women

A

thick white cloudy discharge from vagina or anus, pelvic pain, irritation, increased menstrual pain

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15
Q

how is chlamydia transmitted

A

most common through penile vaginal sex, can be in oral sex, childbirth or spread to ones eye

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16
Q

potential health outcomes of chlamydia if left untreated

A

usually symptoms goes away in a month, but still infectious, could lead to reduced fertility, PID and fallopian tube scarring in women or urethritis and epydidimytis in men

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17
Q

How does fallopian tube scarring affect women

A

reduce fertility by causing possibility of blockage of path for sperm or egg, also possibility of ectopic pregnancy

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18
Q

How do they diagnose chlamydia

A

swab cervix, vagina or anus, or urine test

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19
Q

whats treatment for chlamydia

A

oral antibiotics

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20
Q

why is chlamydia underdiagnosed

A

asymptomatic most of the tim

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21
Q

Some things that make you more susceptible to chlamydia

A

new partner or more than 2 in past year, previous STI, sexually active under age of 25, or vulnerable populations

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22
Q

what are some STI vulnurable populations

A

inject drugs, incarcerated individuals, street youth

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23
Q

Describe Neisseria Gonorrhea

A

Gonnorhea, also clap, drip, burn
second most common among reportable STI

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24
Q

main sites of infection for gonnorhea

A

vagina, cervix, urethra, anus rectum throat eyes

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25
Q

Gonnorhea symptoms

A

frequently asymptomatic, cloudy yellowish greenish discharge from vagina urethra or anus, throat pain, burning while pee

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26
Q

health outcomes from gonnorhea

A

male: epydidymitis, scarring of urethra
Female: pain during sex, vagina bleeding, complications during pregnancy

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27
Q

What is Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI)

A

complication from gonnorhea, with skin rashes and joint pain possibility for arthritis or meningitis, minimal genital symptoms

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28
Q

How is gonnorhea transmitted

A

penile vaginal, anal, oral, pregnancy, spread to eyes

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29
Q

Can gonnorhea lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

yes, can also lead to scarring of fallopian tubes

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30
Q

can gonnorhea cause epydidymitis and urethritis

A

yes

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31
Q

how to diagnose gonnorhea

A

swab, urine or blood test,

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32
Q

how to treat gonnorhea

A

antibiotics

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33
Q

whats an increasing concern with gonnorhea

A

drug resistant strains

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34
Q

some factors that increase gonnorhea risk

A

previous STI, sexually active under 25, new sex partner or multiple, vulnerable groups, unprotected sex gay ppl

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35
Q

Describe Syphilis

A

one of earliest recorded STI, before pennicilin discovered in 1940, 50000 ppl would be infected per year, there is 4 stages of infection

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36
Q

Primary Syphilis (first stage)

A

swelling lymph nodes nearsite of contact, ulcers, not painful so could go unnoticed if inside vagina, if untreated will go to secondary syphilis

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37
Q

Secondary syphilis (stage 2)

A

rash on palms, feet, trunk, patches of erosion or white skin in mouth, fever, weight loss, hair loss

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38
Q

Latent Stage Syphilis (stage 3)

A

no symptoms can last for decades

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39
Q

Tertiary stage Siphylis (stage 4)

A

systemic effects like brain dammage to death

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40
Q

how is syphilis transmitted

A

sex, anal, oral, injecting, pregnancy

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41
Q

factors making you more susceptible to syphilis

A

gay, vulnurable groups, multi sex partners, previous STI

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42
Q

how diagnose and treat syphilis

A

diagnose through visual inspection of primary and secondary syphilis, blood test, treat using antibiotic: pennicilin

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43
Q

Describe the Tuskgee Syphilis Study

A

1932 in Tuskgee alabama, recruited 600 black men, 400 with syphilis, and study lasted 40 years (was supposed to just be 6 months), penicillin invented in 1943 but study went on and made them not use syphilis and 100 participants died due to it

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44
Q

Which of the following is not a viral STI?
A) HIV
B) Herpes
C) HPV
D) None of the above

A

D, all are viruses

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45
Q

Herpes description

A

Herpes Simplex Virus
HSV Type 1: orolabial and anogenital
HSV Type 2: anogenital

no cure for herpes

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46
Q

herpes symptoms

A

blisters, they can open crust over and dissapeear

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47
Q

herpes transmission

A

genitals, anal, mouth, childbirth, can be given from asymptomatic people, and most people are infected but asymptomatic

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48
Q

whats asymptomatic viral shedding

A

transmitted virus from asymptomatic individuals

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49
Q

whats reportable disease

A

disease gets reported to public health, and track down past partners to let them know anonymously

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50
Q

Herpes potential health outcomes

A

blisters infected, urinary tract probles, but blister outbreaks decrease over time

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51
Q

Herpese diagnosis

A

visual, swab, for lesions blood test for antibodies

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52
Q

Herpes treatment

A

Antiherpetics, Antivirals, supressive therapy recommended for people who have 6 or more outbreaks a year

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53
Q

how many outbreaks is enough to undergo suppressive therapy for herpes

A

6 or more a year

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54
Q

do condoms good for herpes prevention

A

condoms dont fully protect

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55
Q

is herpes reportable

A

no, very prevalent but we dont know exact prevalence in canada

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56
Q

Describe Human Papillomavirus

A

HPV, more than 40 types of it, possibly most prevalent STI in Canada, there is low risk and high risk types but its non reportable

57
Q

HPV symptoms

A

mostly asymptomatic, warts in gentials or non genital parts,

58
Q

HPV may result in abnormal BLANK exam

A

Pap exam

59
Q

Describe Low risk type HPV

A

type 6 and 11, genital warts

60
Q

Describe high risk type HPV

A

type 16 and 18, cervical cancers, 13 high risk strains

61
Q

HPV transmission

A

skin skin, genital, oral, anal, digital genital, reingection,

62
Q

what percent canadian will be infected with HPV at some point

A

75%

63
Q

What happens to most HPV cases within 1-2 years

A

most cases clear 1-2 years cuz of immune system

64
Q

How diagnose HPV

A

visual exam if warts, HPV assessed via Pap Smear for precancerous changes to Cervix, HPV DNA test

65
Q

how to treat HPV genital warts

A

remove via cryosurgery, laser or topic medication

66
Q

treating precancerous part of Cervix from HPV

A

cryosurgery

67
Q

How to treat HPV related Cancers

A

chemo, surgery, radiation

68
Q

What STIs are screened via Pap test/smear?
A) HPV
B) HPV, chlamydia
C) HPV, chlamydia, and gonorrhea
D) None

A

None, Pap smear done in cervix to test for precancerous or cancerous cervix

69
Q

What are the Cervical Cancer Screening guidlines

A

get pap test every 3 years aged 25-69, even if vaccinated

70
Q

2 vaccines for preventing HPV

A

Gardasil 9 and Cervarix

71
Q

what types HPV does Gardasil 9 protect from

A

16, 18 = high risk ones and 6 and 11 = low risk ones for a total of 9 types

72
Q

what type HPV does Cervarix protect from

A

only 2 types, the high risk 16 and 18

73
Q

Describe Human Immunodefeciency Virus

A

HIV, depletes CD4 T cells, damagin immune system, leading to opportunistic infection and death without treatment

74
Q

HIV symptoms

A

can be asymptomatic for years, flu like symptoms, fatigue weight loss, yeast infections

75
Q

HIV transmission

A

Sexual contact, Blood exposure, Perinatal (parents)

76
Q

what makes you more susceptible to HIV

A

unprotected sex, lack of knowledge, services, inject drugs vulnerable groups

77
Q

Risk of HIV is high or low from vaginal intercourse

A

low, generally low for everything

78
Q

HIV potential health outcomes

A

without treatment, aids and death, long asymptomatic period can mean ppl don’t know and infect others

79
Q

HIV outcomes with sustained antiretroviral therapy

A

virus become sundetectable in blood and fluids, immune damage stopped and transmission is unlikely, near normal life span

80
Q

whats the natural progression of HIV

A

infected, CD4 T cells go down drastically, then gets buffered, but then CD4 T cells go down slowly and get so low that constitutional symptoms happen, opportunistic diseases then death

81
Q

what are opportunistic disease in context of HIV

A

diseases that wouldnt kill you or get you sick with normal CD4 T cells, but because CD4 T cells so low, they could kill u

82
Q

describe HIV Treatment, ARV

A

Anti Retroviral treatment, can make viral load so low, the person will be chilling, but if ARV stopped, HIV will come back so its not a cure

83
Q

HIV Diagnosis and treatment

A

blood tests to find antibodies

84
Q

how long can it take after infection to develop antibodies that are detectable by blood tests

A

3 months

85
Q

HIV prevention

A

condoms, treat other STIs, if at high risk us PrEP, if exposed use PEP, fight HIV stigma

86
Q

whats PrEP

A

pre exposure therapy to HIV, for high risk people to HIV to prevent it

87
Q

whats PEP

A

ARV for people exposed to HIV

88
Q

Whats AIDS

A

when your CD4-T cells are too low

89
Q

How can hepatitis B virus be transmitted?
A) Blood contact
B) Sexual contact (bodily fluids)
C) Sharing sex toys
D) All of the above

A

All of the above

90
Q

what are the 3 types of viral hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A (HAV)
Hepatits B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)

91
Q

what people are at risk to Hepatits A

A

closed communities like prisons, contaminated food or water, prevalent among MSM - food and water

92
Q

Who is at risk to Hepatitis B

A

people in countries where blood products are not screened - blood

93
Q

who is at risk to Hepatits C

A

people who inejct drugs or blood products not screened

94
Q

how to transmit HAV

A

fecal oral, anal oral, fecal food

95
Q

transmit HBV

A

blood contact, sex contact, drug use

96
Q

transmit HCV

A

blood contact, IV drug use

97
Q

Symptoms of HAV HBV or HCV

A

jaundice (yellowing or skin/eyes) flu like symptoms

98
Q

Treatment for HAV

A

vaccine

99
Q

treatment for HBV

A

antiviral drugs

100
Q

treatment for HCV

A

antiviral drugs

101
Q

which of hepatitis’ is uncurable

A

HBV

102
Q

which of hepatitis is from poop, other ones are from blood

A

HAV

103
Q

Trichomoniasis describe

A

trichomonas Vaginalis, most common parasitic sti, uncommon in canada, spreads from sex

104
Q

Trichomoniasis symptoms in men and women

A

men usually asympomatic, if symptoms, irritation of urethra and slight discharge

women yellow or greenish vaginal discharge with bad odor, but could also be asymptomatic

105
Q

potential health outcomes of trichomoniasis

A

infertility, PID, cervical cancer, inflammation uterus, endometritis, premature delivery

106
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Trichomoniasis

A

swab vagina or urethra to identify parasite, oral medication but its high risk for reinfection, all partners of infected person must be treated at same time

107
Q

Pubic lice description

A

also called crabs, different than head lice, feeds off hosts blood and can survive only 1 day without host, can be transmitted from sex or bed sheets

108
Q

pubic lice symptoms

A

itching, adult lice can be seen, eggs laid at base of pubic hairs

109
Q

how big are adult pubic lice

A

sesame seed

110
Q

diagnosing pubic lice and treatment

A

visual, prescription shampoo and wash all bedding and clothes in hot water

111
Q

whats STI screening

A

testing for STI in absence of symptoms

112
Q

whats STI testing

A

testing for STI with symptoms or reason to believe you may have been exposed

113
Q

ways to prevent STI

A

get tested often
obtian accurate info
overcome unhealthy emotions about sex
communicate effectively
realize drugs and alcohol make bad decisions
reduce ur risk sensibly

114
Q

what are all the reportable STI

A

gonorrhea
chlamydia
Syphilis
HIV
Hepatits A B C

115
Q

In what year did Canada’s Criminal Code make the use and sale of contraceptives
illegal?
A) 1692
B) 1792
C) 1892
D) 1992

A

1892

116
Q

what does contraception mean

A

against fertilization, but could also prevent STI

117
Q

some ancient forms of birth control

A

silphium plant that went exitinct cuz so popular or ingesting poison

118
Q

what year was the baby boom and why was birth control more acceptable then

A

1960, population control scare

119
Q

what year did birth control be legalized

A

1969

120
Q

define abstinence

A

avoiding all sexual activity, very good contraceptive but need a backup plan cuz overreliance leaves people unprepared if they change their mind

121
Q

what are natural birth control methods

A

using fertility awareness to track menstrual cycle and only have sex at times to avoid prego

122
Q

describe sympto-thermal aproach to contraceptive

A

Natural method, woman charts her body temp cuz its 0.2 degrees higher post ovulation and also the cervical position is farthest away from vag opening when ovulation approaching

123
Q

is cervix near opening or far away near ovulation

A

far away

124
Q

describe the rhythm method of contraception

A

natural contraception method: calendar based, take last 12 cycles, subtract 20 from shortest cycle and 10 from longest and between those 2 are the fertile days to abstain from sex

125
Q

describe standard days method of natural contraception

A

is a more accurate variation of rhythm method; assume days 8 to 19 of cycle is unsafe to have sex

126
Q

what are the cons of calendar based natural contraception methods

A

overly restrictive and fetile window can be unpredictable

127
Q

describe lactational Amenorrhea

A

breast feeding as contraception - natural method

128
Q

describe withdrawal

A

pull out game, but can still concept from precum

129
Q

how do hormonal contraception work

A

inhibit ovulation, alter endometrium, alter consistency of cervical mucus

130
Q

do hormonal contraception need to be take even if not having sex

A

yes, regularly even if not having sex

131
Q

what 2 hormones do hormonal contraception give

A

estrogen and progestin

132
Q

3 progestin and estrogen hormonal contraceptives

A
  1. the pill
  2. NuvaRing
  3. Transdermal Patch
133
Q

3 progestin only hormonal contraception

A
  1. mini pill
  2. depo-provera
  3. LNG-IUS
134
Q

pros of hormonal contraception

A

highly effectibe and dont gotta think about it, regulates menstrual cycle and flow and reduced risk of cancer

135
Q

cons of hormonal contraception

A

doesnt protect against STI, must be taken regularly

136
Q

describe Intra Uterine Device

A

makes uterine environment inhospitable to sperm, includeds non hormonal and hormonal IUD and lasts for 5 year (3-10), doesn’t offer STI protection

137
Q

Describe Cervical Barriers

A

barrier to cervix, contains spermicide to kill sperm that gets through, keep it in place before and 6 hrs after sex

138
Q

When ovulation is approaching, the cervical position is closest to the vaginal
opening.
A) True
B) False

A

False, as ovulation approches, cervix moves up and opens

HSCI Post Midterm (5 decks)

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