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HSCI Post Midterm > Week 11 Lecture (Pregnancy) > Flashcards

Week 11 Lecture (Pregnancy) Flashcards

1
Q

Conception

A

Fertilization of egg by sperm

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2
Q

First step of Conception

A

Ovulation: egg released from the ovary, picked up by fimbriae and enters the fallopian tube

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3
Q

How many sperms are lost on the way to fertilize the egg

A

200-400 mil sperm start out, 50% flows back out the vagina, others die from acidity, of sperm that survive that half go through the wrong tube, at that point only 200-300 sperm make it as far as the egg

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4
Q

how big is the window post ovulation to fertilize egg

A

24hrs

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5
Q

how long do sperm live in vagina

A

48 hrs up to 8 days

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6
Q

Sperm work together to dissolve BLANK by secreting BLANK to get through to the egg

A

dissolve the zona pellucida by secreting hyaluronidase to get through to the egg, then the zona thickens again to prevent other sperm

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7
Q

How many sperm makes through to the egg and where does conception occur

A

1 sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube

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8
Q

Whats a fertilized egg called

A

Zygote

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9
Q

How long it take for zygote to plant in uterus

A

zygote goes from fallopian tube and plants in uterus taking 5 days

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10
Q

Is absence of period a sure way to know pregnant

A

no, could be from stress or smth else, and also spotting/bleeding can happen during implantation

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11
Q

Symptoms of pregnancy

A

tenderness of nipplesm nausea/vomiting, constant peeing and fatigue

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12
Q

What tests are designed to detect pregnancy

A

chemical tests to find HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in women pee

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13
Q

What are some pregnancy tests by 3rd of 4th month of pregnancy

A

fetus heartbeat, movement, ultrasound

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14
Q

for ppl 25-34, without prevention, chance of getting pregnant after 1 yr of trying is:

A

85%

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15
Q

Whats Nagele’s Rule

A

To calculate Delivery date use nageles rule:
menstruation start date - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year = estimated due date

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16
Q

Gestation

A

time from conception until birth, usually 280 days (40 weeks)

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17
Q

How many trimesters in pregnancy

A

3 trimesters, 3 months each

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18
Q

whats the Embryonic Stage

A

First 8 weeks of pregnancy from conception, placenta (uterus for pregnancy) develops
- Connects fetus to wall of uterus for oxygen and nutrients
- separates parents circulatory system from fetus
- Placenta takes over secretion of progesterone and estrogen from the corpus leuteum

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19
Q

What 2 thinks happen in the embryonic stage

A

placenta (uterus for pregnancy) develops
- Connects fetus to wall of uterus for oxygen and nutrients
- separates parents circulatory system from fetus
- Placenta takes over secretion of progesterone and estrogen from the corpus leuteum

Amniotic Sac develops (the sac holding water protecting embryo)
- protects emryo from damage and temp

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20
Q

Describe the 3 months of the first trimester for embryo development

A

Month1
- most major organce develop
Month 2
- Umbilical cord develops and attaches embryo to placenta
- further development (face feet major blood vessels)
Month 3
- now the embryo is a fetus
-limbs and hair are now pronounced
- can see gender in ultrasound

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21
Q

First trimester effects on the mother

A

tingling, fullness of breasts, nausea, changes in appetite, frequent peeing, increased vaginal secretion

First trimester starts morning sickness (which can be at any time) associated with lower miscarriage rates

first trimester usually uncomfy

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22
Q

When does embryo become fetus

A

In third month of first trimester

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23
Q

Second trimester effects on fetus

A

fetal movements can be detected,
Fifth month
- heartbeat heard with stethoscope
Sixth Month
- fetus can open its eyes
End of second trimester fetus is sensitive to light and sound

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24
Q

If baby was born in second trimester, would it survive

A

fetus cannot live on own at this point unless tech assistance provided

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25
Q

Baby born around week 23 chance of survival

A

20%

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26
Q

born around week 28 chance of living

A

90%

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27
Q

Second trimester effects on mother

A

indigestion, constipation (fetus putting pressure on organs) breasts enlarge, stretch marks,

second trimester usually better than first and women report feeling good

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28
Q

Describe the Third Trimester

A

Baby:
By end of 7th month, brain and nervous system complete, fetus usually head down to prepare for delivery

Effects on mother:
third trimester is the most uncomfortable, balance, backaches and cramps, shortness of breath

Weight gain of 25-35 pounds

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29
Q

Some trans men take testosterone to stop

A

menstruation and ovulation and change secondary sex characteristics, stopping test will mean ovaries uterus will resume menstrual cycle

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30
Q

Challenges faced by trans men during pregnancy or post partum

A

identity problems, and managing other peoples biases

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31
Q

Can you have sex during pregnant

A

yes u can have sex until labour, fetus protected by amniotic sac and mucous plug in cervix

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32
Q

ppl with history of miscarriage or cramping issues, when having orgasms can cause

A

trigger labour

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33
Q

Masters and Johnson, regarding pregnancy found

A

initial decline in sex satisfaction, decline in first, increase in second (cuz more comfy), decrease in third

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34
Q

Vasocongestion during pregnancy may

A

enhance arrousal

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35
Q

Are midwives good or bad

A

midwives are good for labour and better satisfaciton

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36
Q

2 delivery options

A

vaginal birth and Caesarean-Section

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37
Q

typically how much does cervix dilate during labour

A

10cm

38
Q

Does birth need pain management

A

no, only NEED if C section

39
Q

whats the C seciton pain meds

A

general or spinal anaesthesia

40
Q

pain management for vaginal birth

A

may be pharmacological or non-pharmacological like water immersion

41
Q

whats engagement

A

few weeks before labour, fetus turns so wide part of head is against pelvid bones

42
Q

Whats Effacement

A

thinning of cervix to prepare for dilation

43
Q

how many people have amniotic sac rupture

A

12%

44
Q

How many stages of birth

A

3 stages

45
Q

how long does first time labour last

A

8.6 hrs, bout half time for subsequent pregos

46
Q

First stage of birth describe

A

3 phases defined by dilation
Early Phase: 4 cm
Activity Phase: 8 cm
Transition: fully dilates to 10 cm, allows baby to pass through, short but difficult stage

47
Q

How often do contractions have to be for people to go to hosptial

A

4-5 min apart

48
Q

Describe birth stage 2

A

Stage 2 begins when cervix fully dilated, head moves into vagina, mom pushes to move baby out lasting 80 min, once baby head visible, blood and mucus cleared from airways, stage 2 ends with birth of baby

49
Q

Birth stage 3

A

placenta detaches from uterus and expelled with other material called afterbirth, contractions help uterus go back to small

50
Q

What do vhildbirth prep classes encourage

A

non pharmacological techniques like breathin, soaking in a tub, birthing balls

51
Q

What are some pharmacological anesthetics used

A

tranquilizers or narcots, epidurals, spinal blocks, anesthesia

52
Q

Reasons for C section

A

baby too big, pelvis narow, unbilical cord will pass through before baby or baby in wrong position

53
Q

Immediately after baby is born

A

parent and baby do skin to skin and soon breast feed, antibiotics and vitamin k given to baby so no hemmorage

54
Q

What are the 3 major categories of postpartum conditions and why does it happen

A

Why; Estrogen and progesterone returning to normal levels

Postpartum Blue: resolves in days 80%

Postpartum Depression: extreme sadness in first year or years after birth, 10-20%

Postpartum Psychosis: rlly bad but rlly rare

55
Q

Do couples wait for sex after birth?

A

used to say 6 weeksbut now doctors say as soon as couple ready

56
Q

How long should mom do exclusive breast feeding

A

6 months, then after complimentary should be given

57
Q

What hormone stimulate milk production

A

prolactin

58
Q

how many days post delivery milk

A

2-3

59
Q

breasts produce what before milk

A

Colostrum

60
Q

What hormone causes milk to release

A

Oxytocin, can also cause orgasms

61
Q

Can breastfeed be a contraceptive

A

yeah it delays mentrual cycle

62
Q

Miscarriage is

A

Spontaneous Abortion, most of the time first 20 weeks,

63
Q

how common is miscarriage

A

10-20%

64
Q

most common reason for miscarriage

A

defect in embryo or fetus

65
Q

Describe Rh Incompatibiliy

A

antibodies in moms blood destroys red blood cells in fetus - antibodies form when parents Rh negative blood mixed with child Rh positive

When mom has Rh negative blood and Fetus has Rh Positive

results in fetal anemia,, disability, death, risk low for first prego but higher for subsequent

66
Q

3 types of pregnancy hypertension (high blood pressure)

A
  1. pregrnancy induced hypertension: associated with prego
  2. pre-eclampsia: high blood press, edema and proteinuria
  3. Eclampsia: seizure and coma, may be from pre-eclapmpsia and may result dead
67
Q

Causes of Congenital Anomolies

A

Genetics, Maternal Illness or Infection, Use of Drugs or Alc

68
Q

What can reduce causes of congenital anomolies

A

Folic Acid Supplements

69
Q

3 Ways to test for Congenital Anomolies

A
  1. testing moms blood for Alpha-fetoprotien (AFP is produced by fetus, if in moms blood, smth wrong with uterine wall)
  2. Amniocentesis: chorionic villus sampling, more invasive
  3. NIPT Testing: analyzing fetus DNA in moms blood
70
Q

What do doctors do sonographic exams for when moms AFP too high

A
  1. underestimation gestational age
  2. multifetal gestation
  3. death
71
Q

How early is a preterm baby

A

before 37 weeks, 60-80% deaths due to preterm, preterm babies are usually underweight

72
Q

when do most babies weight gain

A

last few weeks

73
Q

Anoxia

A

umbilical cord compressed as baby passes through, may need to do C section, can lead to major disability or deat

74
Q

Stillbirth

A

Baby born dead after 28 weeks of gestation and weighs at least 500 pounds, mostly happens in low income countries

75
Q

Maternal Mortality

A

mom dies, rare, but high in low income countries

76
Q

3 increase risk factors to maternal death

A
  1. living in rural and poor communities
  2. young adolescents
  3. lack of access to skilled care
77
Q

How to diagnose infertility

A

after 1 yr unprotected sex if woman is under 35, after 6 months if aboce 35

78
Q

Primare infertility

A

could never become fertile

79
Q

Secondary Infertility

A

Could be fertile in past but now cant

80
Q

How many people in canada suffer from infertility

A

1 in 8 couples, 40% mans faults, 40% woman, 20% bother unknonw

81
Q

How many men have male infertility and whats most common cause

A

1/10, low sprm count

82
Q

How many women have male infertility and whats most common cause

A

1/12, irregular ovulation

83
Q

Treatment of infertility

A

lots of treatments, first step firtility drugs, to make hella eggs release in single cycle, makes twins rlly common

84
Q

what percentage of twins result from fertility treatments

A

70%

85
Q

Wharts Artificial Insemination

A

inserting sperm directly into vagine or uterus

86
Q

Vitro Fertilization

A

if womans reproductive tracked blocked, sperm and egg concepted in lab, and replaced in uterus

87
Q

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer

A

egg and sperm collected and put directly into fallopian tubes

88
Q

Zygote Intrafallopian transfer

A

egg already concepted put into fallopian tubes to cause natural implantation

89
Q

Surrogacy

A

female outside of couples becomes pregnant from any ART method and delivers baby

90
Q

Is ART associated with hella multi births

A

yes, 70% of twins, 99% of higher-order multiples are from fertility treatment

91
Q

What % of people who use ART are sexually and gender diverse

A

30%

HSCI Post Midterm (5 decks)

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