Week 10 Lecture (Paraphilias) Flashcards
“Normal” Sexual Behaviour
Difficult to define:
Statistical: normal in terms of prevalence
Oxford: Conforming to standard, usual or expected OR free from physical or mental disorders
SocioCultural:culturally acceptable or legal
What are Atypical Sexual Behaviours Called
Paraphilia: any intense persistent interest in anything other than genital stimulation, or phenotypically normal, mature, consenting partners
Whats a Paraphilic Disorder
Paraphilia that causes distress or impairment to the individual, or harms others when acted upon
Paraphilias exist on a ______
Continuum, ranging from normal to abnormal
How do you diagnose a paraphilic disorder
Criteria A: Describes the paraphilia eg: flashing ppl
Criteria B: Specifies the negative outcome of the behaviour eg: harm to others or personal distress
For diagnosing it must be happening for at least 6 months
Does someone who likes pain but doesnt harm anyone else and isnt personally distressed have a paraphilic disorder?
No, they have a paraphilia, not a paraphilic disorder
presence of paraphilia doesnt automaticaly mean person needs treatment
2 Groups Paraphilias are in
Paraphilias are put into 2 groups:
Atypical Activities: eg Voyeurism
Atypical Targets: eg pedophilia
Voyeuristic
without consent watching someone engage in sexual activity or undress
Exhibitionistic
displaying genitals or sexual acts to ppl without consent
pedophilic
children
fetishistic
nonliving objects or nonsexual bodyparts
frotteuristic
inconseually rubbing genitals on ppl
Sexual Masochism
recieving pain
sadism
inflicting pain
transvestic
dressing in clothes of opposite sex
Autoerotic Asphyxiation
choking urself when marturbating
Formicophilia
insects
Telephone scatologia
obscene telephone calling
zoophilia
animals
gerontophilia
elderly
infantilism
being treated as an infant
plismaphilia
enemas (injecting liquid into anus)
necorphilia
dead ppl
stigmatophilia
piercing scarring tattoing
urophilia
pee
coprophilia
poo
Define Fetish
persistent repetitive use or dependance on non living object or a specific non genital body part for arousal
Mild fetish
arousal to the oobject but its not central to arousal, it enhances arousal
Fetishistic Disorder
significant personal distress due to dependance on the fetish ex: cant cum without it
When do fetishes develop
Early childhood or adolescence and are almost exlusively in men. Some evidence suggests its a conditioned behaviour
Transvestic disorder
people who cross dress, find it arrousing, and are distressed by it. Usually harmless, starts young
Voyueristic Disorder
preference or it over partnered sex, interference with daily life, involves crimes (breaking entering)
- key to this intense arrousal is the unsuspecting vitim; fear of getting caught enhances arrousal
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Exposing inconcenting ppl to ur genitals, diagnosed when they act on it or they are distressed by the fantasy.
- Victims reaction creates sexual excitment
- called indecent exposure
- More common in men
What is a form of verbal exhibitionism
Telephone Scatologia: person arroused by explicit phone calls, masturbation during or after
Frotteuristic Disorder
diagnosis given to somone who acts upon it or has distress or imparment from urges: usually happens in crowded areas where guy can say accident oops
With consenting partner, it could be considered BDSM
sexual masochism and sadism
Sexual Sadism Disorder
diagnosis given to ppl who act upon it with someone nonconsenting or experience distress: often goal is to humiliate or gain power
Sexual Masichism Disorder
Likes being beaten bound and made to suffer and experiences distress from it. Masochism coined by Richard Von Krafft- Ebing (german psychiatrist)
Is BDSM a paraphilic disorder?
no
BDSM = bondage, discipline, sadomasochism
Done with rules and etiquette to make sure never cross any boundaries
Mutual consent is what makes it different from abuse, contenct is what determines pain as pleasurable or painful, context depends on individual
Choking common
Bondage and Discipline
Restraints like handcuffs and whipping
Domination and Submission
Dominant Partner=master/top
Sumbissive partner=slave/bottom
switch=people who change roles
Can extend beyong sex and into life
is pain outside of sexual script arousing for ppl who do BDSM?
no, people use safety measure like sexual scripts, safewords, etc
Pedophilic Disorder
Only paraphilic disorder involving atypical humman
Sexual Maturity often defined as age of consent
Diagnosed to people who have acted on it with a prepubescent child less than 13 years of age, or they experience distress from it
Pedophile
attracted to kids below age of puberty (prepubescent). cant be exclusive pedophilia or non-
exlusive
Classic Type Pedophilia:
prepubescent kids
Hebephilic Type Pedophilia
pubescent kids
Pedohebephilic Type
both prepubescent and pubescent
Do most pedophiles groom strangers or kids they know?
groom kids they know
The North American Man-Boy Love association
some pedophiles say its their right to have sex with kids
whats the best measure of seeing if somone is arroused by children
PPG: penile photoplethysmography - measures blood flow to penis
Are real dolls a paraphilic disorder?
no, unless it distresses you or anyone else
Hypersexuality
excessive sex drive that leads person to continue pursuing it despite negative outcomes
non-paraphilic sexual compulsivity
obsessive preoccupation and need for sex
related to impulse control issue ex sex addiction
Nymphomania
hypersexuality in women
Satyriasis
Hypersexuality in men
What factors play role in development and maintanence of paraphilias or paraphilic disorders?
no scientifically accepted theory on what factors play a role, different for everyone
Psychoanalytical Theory on Paraphilias
arisse from castration anxiety, issues about masulinity and femininity (exposing masulinity ex streaking)
Sexual abuse and early trama may explain courtship disorders
Behavioural Theories on paraphilias
paraphilias occur through classical conditioning ex: arroused when you see the paraphilia, then it accidentally gets associated
Neurological Findings on paraphilias
neurocognitive tests find that pedophiles have lower IQ and have structural brain and brain activation differences
35% of pedophiles were:
abused as children
most research done for this paraphilic disorder
pedophilic disorder
Cognitive distortion
irrational thoughts/thinking errors
pedophiles use this to justify what they did
Main theory iin understanding sexual offending
Cognitive Distortion
3 main risk factors for sexual offending
- sexual deviance (ex being a pedophile)
- Antisocial traits
- poor social skills and intimacy defecits
4 reasons for seeking treatment of paraphilic disorders
- court ordered treatment
- self distress (or embarrasment or fear for behaviours)
- Relationship distress
- distress due to sexual disfunction (cant cum to anything else)
3 Goals for the treatment of paraphilic disorder
- control fantasies and behaviour to minimize risk of recedivism (person acting on it)
- control sexual urges
- decrease the distress the paraphilia gives
does evidence suggest paraphilic interests can be changed?
no evidence for this but treatment focuses on management of interests inegrating interests in healthier way
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Relapse Prevention Techniques
kinda like alcoholics anonymous:
individual or group based, disclose offense to the group, challenge their distorted thinking, give empathy to other, take responsibility and devise plan to avoid relapse
Treatments for paraphilic disorders
- social skills and self esteem training (usually done with CBT and relapse prevention)
- Mindfulness and emotion regulation
- Satiation Therapy
- Orgasmic reconditioning
- Aversion Therapy
- community based support programs (like alcoholics anonymous)
- medical treatment
Satiation Therapy
redirecting sexual impulses to more desirable target through masturbation to a normal thing, then masturbating again to the paraphilic thing
Orgasmis Reconditioning
orgasms to paraphilia till orgasm, then right before orgasm switches to a normal thing
Aversion therapy
associate paraphilic fantasies with unpleasent stimulus like bad smell or shock
community based support programs
for paraphilic disorders, based on 12 step program from alcoholics anonymous
medical treatments for paraphiliacs
anti-depressants or anti-androgens to chemically castrate
