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HSCI Post Midterm > Week 12 Lecture (Sex Problems/Sex ed) > Flashcards

Week 12 Lecture (Sex Problems/Sex ed) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following may contribute to or cause sexual difficulties?
A) Low self-esteem
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Antidepressant use
D) All of the above

A

All of the above

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2
Q

What are the 4 categories sexual problems fall into, excluding the fifth category of the quality of sexual/erotic contact

A
  1. intrapsychich
  2. interpersoonal/relational
  3. cultural/psychosocial
  4. Organic
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3
Q

Define Intrapsychich

A

impulses ideas conflicts and other psychological phenomena that arise in the mind

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4
Q

Describe the intrapsychich factors in development of sexual problems

A

origins of sex problems start in early childhood, and how the kid perceived the way the parents were about sex, or the intrapsychich/mind conflict as they grew up

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5
Q

describe intrapsychich factors for young kids

A

how parents talk about sex, is it tabboo, was the kid sexually abused,, did the parents show affection,

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6
Q

describe intrapsychic factors in adolescents and adulthood

A

low self esteem, being scared of pregnancy or STI, performance anxiety

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7
Q

Describe some interpersonal/relational factors in development of sex problems

A

bad conflict resolution, anger being expressed unsafely, which is learned in partby how parents work through conflict

is the partner cheatng on you/can you trust them, leads to trust issues after too, disappointed in all relationships

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8
Q

Describe the cultural.psychosocial factors in development of sex problems

A

religious teachings, family teachings, school based sex ed, media

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9
Q

Describe the Cultural/Psychosocial: Family-Based Teachings

A

kids can implicitly from seeing no nudity in the house that nudity should be hidden, or explicitly about negativity on masturbation, basically everything to do with you family or culture

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10
Q

Describe the Cultural/Psychosocial: School-Based Sex
Education

A

provincially regulated in canada, conveys reproductive bioloy and how to avoid STI, no discussion bout sexual feelings, desires or pleasure

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11
Q

Describe the Cultural/psychosocial: media

A

myths, misinformation may lead to sexual dysfunctions like body image issues

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12
Q

Describe the organic factors in development of sex problems

A

disease, drugs, cardiovasular disease can be erectile dysfunctions, hormone imbalance

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13
Q

Describe the organic factor: hormones

A

anemia and diabetes and after birth, low iron, elevated prolactin from breast feeding and bad sleep can cause sex problems

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14
Q

descirbe Organic: Neurological Disorders and Central
Nervous System Injuries

A

spinal cord injuries, diabetes cuasing reduced blood flow to genitals

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15
Q

Describe Organic: Drug-Related Causes of Sexual
Difficulties

A

drugs are the most common orgnic cause of problems, like antidepressants, inhibiting arousal or desire, or even recreational drugs like alcohol

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16
Q

Describe Organic: Hormonal Contraceptives

A

most women are not warned about low desire but many hormonal contraceptives lower desire

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17
Q

Is the Quality of sexual and erotic contact a factor in development of sex problems

A

yes, important to consider adequacy of stimulation when diagnosing disorders

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18
Q

Which of the following is the most common sexual dysfunction affecting men?
A) Erectile disorder
B) Premature ejaculation
C) Delayed ejaculation
D) Hypoactive sexual desire disorde

A

Premature ejaculation

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19
Q

Describe some options for people experiencing desire and arousal problems

A

no drug options for men, but Addyi approved for women but controversial

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20
Q

Describe the Sexual desire discrepancy

A

most common problem in couples in sex therapy, one partner described as low libido but that partner thinks the other is sex addicted

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21
Q

whats the role of the clinician when assessing sexual desire discrepancy

A

asses organic, psychosocial, intrapsychic, interpersonal, quality of sex contact

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22
Q

Describe arrousal but not lubricating women

A

if arroused, but not lubricating, there is mitigating factor like lack of estrogen post menopause or breast feeding, option is lube

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23
Q

Describe commercial lube options

A

Water base: safe with latex and sex toys
Silicone: last longer than water based, safe with latex but break down sex toys
oil based: last longer than water, not safe with latex

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24
Q

Describe Erectile disorder

A

difficulty maintaining erection (vs gettign one) caused from interference with blood flow, or the stimulation enjoyment, can be organic or interpersonal or intrapsychich

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25
Q

What are PDE-5 inhibitors that cause vasodilation of corpora cavernosa

A

viagra, levitra, cialis, only works if person already arroused

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26
Q

Describe premature ejacuation

A

most common sex dysfunction in men: ejaculation occurs within 60 seconds of penetration, 75% of the time for 6 months or more, and its distressful to couple

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27
Q

Cuases of premature ejaculation

A

no agreement on causes, we dunno

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28
Q

Some options for premature ejaculation

A

other routes to orgasm, focus more on pleasuring partner insteadof lasting longer, trying numbing creams to reduce sensation

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29
Q

Describe Male Anorgasmia (delayed ejaculation)

A

most underreported in men, can orgasm alone but have trouble through penetrative sex

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30
Q

Primary Delayed Ejaculation

A

life long, tends to be organic, men who use PDE-5 inhibitors like viagra can have sex but not stimulated which leads to DE

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31
Q

Seondary Delayed Ejaculation

A

just started, may caused by intidepressants or drugs

32
Q

Treatment for Delayed Ejaculation

A

pay more attention to sensations during sex, increase arousal

33
Q

Primary female anorgasmia

A

lifelone, cant cum, related to lack of knowledge of ones body

34
Q

secondary femal anorgasmia

A

recent onsent, can happen from serotonin reuptake drugs or anti psychotic

35
Q

most common causes of female anorgasmia

A

lack of knowlede of ones body, lack of permission to engage in sex discovery, inaccurate media portrayal of sex, or drugs If its secondary anorgasmia

36
Q

treatment of female anorgasmia

A

learn about anatomy, encourage stimulation, communicate learnings to partner, dispel notion of using clit while sex is cheating

37
Q

dysapareunia

A

pain during sex, for men can be from STI, in women more commonly called Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration DIsorder

38
Q

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration disorder

A

Dysapareunia in women

39
Q

What are the 2 components of Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

A

Dysapareunia (pain from penetration)
Fear of penetration and tightening of muscles (Vaginismus)

Used to be treated separately but now combined

40
Q

Describe the muscular component in Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration DIsorder

A

vaginismus, pear of penetration and tensing at vaginal opening, can be from trauma, fear of pregnancy, or poor sex education, treatment includes dilators, pelvic floor exercises

41
Q

Describe how treatment for sexual problems works

A

focuses on elimination symptoms and not the underlying problems, there is an increasing medicalization of sexuality but PDE-5 inhibitors don’t solve all underlying issues

42
Q

What model was chosen as the focus of Canadian sex education policy?
A) Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills model
B) Sexual Behaviour Change Model
C) Social Cognitive Theory
D) None of the above

A

Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills Model

43
Q

WHO Definition of sexual health

A

physical, emotional and social wellbeing in relation to sexuality, rights respected, absence of disease and respectful approach to relationships

44
Q

What is SHE

A

Canadian guidelines for Sexual Health Education (SHE), comprehensive document outlining best teachings

45
Q

SHE in canada’s goals and principles

A
  1. promoting positive sexual health outcomes
  2. reducing negative sexual health outcomes
46
Q

Whats the theory behind SHE in canada

A

use the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) Model: why do ppl decide to engage in specific sex behaviours? specific that there are 3 factors in maintaining sexual health

47
Q

Describe Information from IMB Model

A

info about behaviour, not just the definitions, should call to action

48
Q

describe motivation in IMB Model, and its 3 parts

A

Applying the knowledge to maintain sexual health
emotional motivation: comfort with sex
Personal motivation: values and beliefs on sex
Social motivation: social norms

49
Q

Describe behaviour in IMB Model, and its 2 parts

A

Skills enabling the behaviours
Objective Skill: ex negotiation condom use
Self Efficacy: feeling capable of performing smth

50
Q

Describe the IMB Modell in a Diagram

A

Information and motivtion lead indirectly to having behavioural skills, which leads to doing the behaviour, or may even directly just lead to doing the behaviour

51
Q

In north amarica, what are the 2 primare types of SHE programs, is it usually a continuum or 1 or the other

A
  1. comprehensive SHE
  2. Abstinence Only/ Sex risk avoidance SHE
    usually a continuum between the 2
52
Q

What are the 2 criticisms on abstinence only SHE

A
  1. ignores vital info for good decision making (SGD youth)
  2. long term effectiveness on reducing sexual behaviour among teems hasn’t even worked in most studies
53
Q

2 characteristics in effective SHE during program development

A
  1. research targt population needs and characteristics
  2. have specific behaviour targets
54
Q

6 characteristics of effective SHE in the program content

A
  1. a theoretical foundation
  2. clear message
  3. appropriate content and teaching
  4. activities related to social environment
  5. activities related to sex communication
  6. active application of knowledge
55
Q

3 characteristics of SHE during program implementation

A
  1. supportive enviornment
  2. knowledgable and motivated teachers
  3. evaluate the program
56
Q

SHE programs must be regularly:

A

evaluated and updated to be effective

57
Q

What study from 2008 does the textbook refer to about evaluating school based SHE in ontario

A

The Girl Time program

58
Q

what are the 3 large representative national studies measuring youth attitudes and behaviours

A
  1. canadian community health survey (CCHS)
  2. canadian health and behaviour in school-aged children survey (HBSC)
  3. Canadian youth sexual health and hiv/aids study (CYSHHAS)
59
Q

Describe the Girl Time program

A

female grade 7 students followed over 1 year after the program and had their booster session in grade 8, showed more sex knowledge at end of program

60
Q

Describe the Canadian Youth Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Study CYSHHAS

A

study of knowledge about STI in grades 7,9,11, showed decline in knowledge in 2002 compared to 1989, students with more school based learning instead of media had higher scores

61
Q

Is canada doing well or bad when we compare youth sex bheavours of today to past

A

Canada doing good, kids delaying sex, using contraception, teen pregos decreasing

62
Q

What continues to be public health concern among younger ppl in canada

A

STI

63
Q

Which of the following is a/are criticism(s) that has/have been made about
abstinence only SHE curricula?
A) These programs tend to ignore sexual diversity and this disadvantages SGD
youth
B) Long-term effectiveness of these programs in reducing sexual behaviours
among teens has not been demonstrated in the majority of studies
C) These programs go over content too quickly
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C only

A

A and B

64
Q

is learning sex from parents good or bad. did majority of youth in CYSHHAS talk to their parents about it?

A

Majority in CYSHHAS did not but its good and kids who do are more likely to delay sex and have safer sex

65
Q

Describe learning about sex from peers

A

these kids more likely to initiate sex, seek approval from their peers. But this can be used to advantage in peer-peer SHE models cuz kids more comfortable learning from their peers

66
Q

Describe learning sex from media

A

teens spend 8 hours a day on media, many sex references but not many references to safe sex

67
Q

what does more media consumption predict relating to sex

A

earlier initiation and faster progression in sex behaviours, and riskier behaviour

68
Q

how can porn influence young peoples expectations

A

may affect how they view themselves and other

69
Q

What are some benefits to media learning bout sex

A

media includes more SGD characters and discuss, and the internet is a valuable source to explore ones identity

70
Q

What are 2 institutional barries to SHE

A
  1. public opinion rather than research guides gov policy on SHE
  2. SHE remains heterocentric
71
Q

What are some socio demographic factors in barriers to SHE

A
  • kids not having access, being immigrants, indigenous, or street involved youth
72
Q

Describe Street-Involved youth and sex behaviour

A

high rates of STI, high sexual partners, and risky behaviours. low access to SHE, there is a need for drop in centres for SHE

73
Q

Older Adult Barriers to SHE

A

many older adults engge in sex and have fewer resources in providing them SHE, STI rates are higher for older adults

74
Q

Individuals with dissabilites and sex

A

many think theyre asexual but theyre not, they have less knowledge tho and more negative attitudes

75
Q

“All of my friends use condoms during sexual intercourse and would support my use
of them as contraception”. This is an example of what type of motivation according
to the IMB model?
A) Emotional motivation
B) Social motivation
C) Personal motivation
D) Behavioural motivation

A

Social motivation

HSCI Post Midterm (5 decks)

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