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Biomolecular Mechanisms > Week 13: Fate of pyruvate > Flashcards

Week 13: Fate of pyruvate Flashcards

1
Q

Are there limited amounts of NAD+ in a cell?

A

YES

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2
Q

what is NAD+ derived from?

A

Niacin (vitamin)

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3
Q

What does glycolysis reduce NAD+ to?

A

NADH + H+

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4
Q

What must happen to NADH to allow glycolysis to continue?

A

re-oxidised

NAD+ regenerated through metabolism of pyruvate

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5
Q

What two conditions can glycolysis be in?

A

aerobic & anaerobic

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6
Q

What 2 processes occur in aerobic conditions?

A

glycolysis and cellular respiration

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7
Q

What 2 processes occur in anaerobic conditions?

A

glycolysis and fermentation

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8
Q

What 2 products occur with aerobic conditions?

A

CO2 & H20

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9
Q

What 2 products occur with anaerobic conditions?

A

alcohol & lactate

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10
Q

What 2 types of anaerobic pathways are there?

A

lactic acid fermentation

alcohol fermentation

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11
Q

What is the pathway of lactic acid fermentation?

A

Pyruvate————> 2X lactate
lactate
dehydrogenase
NADH—–> NAD+ (reduced)

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12
Q

What is the pathway of alcohol fermentation?

A

Pyruvate————> acetaldehyde ———–> ethanol
(CO2) alcohol
dehydrogenase
NADH—>NAD+

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13
Q

How much ATP does lactate fermentation produce?

A

2ATP

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14
Q

What causes muscle soreness?

A

Lactate produced due to low pH

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15
Q

Where is lactate elimninated?

A

liver, heart and resting

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16
Q

What are the products of alcohol fermentation?

A

2 ethanol + 2CO2 + 2ATP

17
Q

Steps in aerobic respiration?

A

(Glycolysis) glucose–> pyruate 3C –> pyruvate ox –>
2 x acetyl groups as acetyl-Co-A (2C) —> citric acid cycle
—> electron transport/ATP synthase

18
Q

What are the 2 acetyl groups in the form of?

A

Acetyl-Co-A

19
Q

How much ATP is produced by glycolysis?

A

2ATP

20
Q

How much ATP is produced by Citric acid cycle?

A

2 ATP

21
Q

How much ATP is produced by the electron transport chain?

A

28 ATP

22
Q

Where are enzymes for TCA found?

A

Matrix

23
Q

Where is pyruvate oxidised?

A

Matrix to ACoA

24
Q

How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrial matrix?

A

Specific transporter

25
Q

What complex catalyses pyruvate to Acetyl-Co-A?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)

26
Q

What does PDC do?

A

catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-Co-A

27
Q

What 3 enzymes are involved in the actual reaction mechanism of PDC?

A

E1, E2, E3

28
Q

What 2 enzymes are involved in the control of PDC?

A

kinase & phosphatatse

29
Q

What 5 Co-enzymes are involved in PDC?

A

thiamine, lipoic acid, coenzyme A, FAD, NAD+

30
Q

Is pyruvate to acetyl-Co-A irreversible?

A

YES

Biomolecular Mechanisms (34 decks)

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