Week 12 (intelligence and schooling) Flashcards
What are the 4 stages of learning to read?
Stage 0: learning to discriminate letters
Stage 1: translate written symbols into sounds
Stage 2: children learn to read fluently
Stage 3: change from learning to read to reading to someone
What is the Matthew effect?
Difference between good and poor readers increases over time.
Why does the Matthew effect occur?
Because people who fall behind continue to do so, and vice verss for those who stay ahead. Eventually, this gap increases.
What is phonemic awareness?
Understanding that words exist of separate sounds
Fluency in reading is related to ___________.
Processing speed
What is phonological recoding?
The ability to break down each letter sound and understanding how to combine them into words
What is Orthography?
How similar written language is to the spoken language.
Why is working memory a significant factor in reading?
Because the ability to keep and manipulate things in your mind is an important ability for reading, this occurs within working memory.
Is learning numbers a primary or secondary ability?
Secondary. You have to be explicitly instructed to learn the skill.
How does kids ability to make judgements change with age?
They get faster
As people age they get better at identifying _________ ratios.
Smaller
What is conceptual knowledge?
understanding of principles underlying mathematical operations
What is procedural knowledge?
Use of conceptual operations to solve a mathematical problem
What are the 5 principles associated with learning to count?
1) one-one principle
2) stable-order principle
3) cardinal principle
4) abstraction principle
5) order-irrelevant principle
What is the cardinal principle?
Involved in learning to count.
The final number in a series represents the quantity of an abstraction
What is the abstraction principle?
Involved in learning to count.
The first 3 principle can be applied to any array/collection of entities/objects
Name at least 3 arithmetic strategies.
Sum strategy
Min strategy
Max strategy
Finger recognition
Fact retrieval
Decomposition
Guessing
What is the adaptive strategy choice model?
As kids develop they will change the use of strategies. They will rely on different strategies at different times.
What is discovery learning? What does it suggest?
Allowing kids to learn through interaction.
Suggests specific instruction limits how much they explore an object resulting in less gains.
Do educational videos work for young children?
No. Not until after 2 years of age do children understand that the video represents real life.
Screen time is related to worse _____________ development.
Language
What is the idea of Spearman’s g?
There is one overall intelligence
Raymond Cattel’s theory of intelligence recognizes q, but also includes what?
2 second level intelligences (fluid intelligence and crystalized intelligence)
What is fluid intelligence?
Biologically determined and is reflected in tasks of memory and spatial thinking.
