Week 10 (language development)

Question 1

Define instrumental language.

Answer 1

Using language to express needs (e.g. “more milk”).

Question 2

Define regulatory language.

Answer 2

Using language to tell others what to do (e.g. “get me juice”).

Question 3

Define interactional language.

Answer 3

Using language to make contact with others and form relationships (e.g. “I love you, Mommy”).

Question 4

Define personal language.

Answer 4

Using language to express feelings, opinions, and individual identity (e.g. “I’m a good boy”).

Question 5

Define heuristic language.

Answer 5

Using language to gain knowledge about the environment (e.g. “what’s that?”).

Question 6

Define imaginative language.

Answer 6

Using language to tell stories and jokes and to create an imaginary environment.

Question 7

Define representational language.

Answer 7

Using language to convey facts and information.

Question 8

Human language is _______ and _______.

Answer 8

Symbolic and Grammatical.

Question 9

What is symbolic language?

Answer 9

The sounds of spoken language or the hand movements of sign language.

Question 10

What is grammatical language?

Answer 10

Written language and its rules.

Question 11

What are the 5 aspects of language?

Answer 11

Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics

Question 12

What is phonology?

Answer 12

The sounds of language.

Question 13

What is morphology?

Answer 13

The structure of words.

Question 14

What is syntax?

Answer 14

The knowledge of sentence structure.

Question 15

What is semantics?

Answer 15

The meaning of language terms.

Question 16

What is pragmatics?

Answer 16

How we use language in a social context.

Question 17

At what year does the first vocal language emerge?

Answer 17

1-2 years.

Question 18

Receptive language leads to ________ language.

Answer 18

Productive.

Question 19

True/False
Deaf children do not babble.

Answer 19

False. Deaf children babble using their hands.

Question 20

Babbling leads to the development of ________.

Answer 20

Phonemic awareness.

Question 21

What is phonemic awareness?

Answer 21

the understanding that words have separate sounds that combine to make one word.

Question 22

What is a bound morphine? Give an example.

Answer 22

Something added to a word to give context.
e.g. using “ed”, “ing”, or “s”.

Question 23

What is overregularization?

Answer 23

Over using things like past tense.
e.g. “I runed to the store”.

Question 24

What is the Wug test?

Answer 24

A common way to test knowledge of morphological rules.

Question 25

What 6 things are involved in synaptic development?

Answer 25

Holophrases Telegraphic speech Negatives Questions Passives Relating events in sentences

Question 26

# Holo (hollow) What are holophrases?

Answer 26

single words that for young children are sentences (e.g. "Mommy").

Question 27

What is telegraphic speech? When does it begin?

Answer 27

children only use high content words but not verbs, begins around 3 years of age (e.g. "Mommy, cookie").

Question 28

What are negatives? When do they develop?

Answer 28

Express you don't want something. Begins around 2 years of age (e.g. "no milk").

Question 29

What are questions (in the context of synaptic development)? When does this develop?

Answer 29

develop ability to raise tone of voice at the end of a sentence. Begins around 2 years of age.

Question 30

What are passives? When do they develop?

Answer 30

Phrase in a passive voice (not common in English). Begins around 2-3 years of age (e.g. "the ball was hit by John").

Question 31

True/False All children experience language spurts regardless of gender or culture.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is fast mapping?

Answer 32

The ability to learn new words with very little exposure.

Question 33

What is the whole object assumption?

Answer 33

the word refers to the whole thing (e.g. "rabbit" refers to the entire animal not just its ears or tail).

Question 34

What is taxonomic assumption?

Answer 34

The assumption that words refer to things that are similar (e.g. all dogs are called dog).

Question 35

What is mutual exclusivity?

Answer 35

Automatically applying a new word to something unknown (e.g. given the option of a known and unknown object and a known and unknown word, the unknown word and object are matched).

Question 36

What are underextensions?

Answer 36

The boundary of the category is restricted (e.g. calls all dogs the name of their own personal dog).

Question 37

What is synaptic bootstrapping?

Answer 37

Detecting if something is a noun or a verb or something else.

Question 38

What are the 4 pragmatics?

Answer 38

Speech registers Communicative competence Collective monologues Metacommunication

Question 39

What is speech registers?

Answer 39

Style of speech is different in different social contexts.

Question 40

What is communicative competence?

Answer 40

Ability to communicate effectively.

Question 41

What is collective monologues?

Answer 41

Conversations of 2 kids that they tend to have in parallel (often what one kid is saying has nothing to do with what the other is saying).

Question 42

What is metacognition?

Answer 42

Self correction.

Question 43

What are the 3 perspectives of theories of language development?

Answer 43

Behavioural theories Nativist theories Social Interactionist theories

Question 44

Infants seem to use a domain-general mechanism of _______ learning to discern what is a _____ and what is not.

Answer 44

Statistical Word

Question 45

What allows for rapid learning from the environment?

Answer 45

Innate mechanism.

Question 46

What perspective/person suggests that language is innate and that there are specific areas of the brain responsible for different aspects of language?

Answer 46

Nativist perspective/Noam Chomsky.

Question 47

What part of language is Wernicke's area in the brain responsible for?

Answer 47

Understanding speech.

Question 48

What part of language is Broca's area in the brain responsible for?

Answer 48

Producing speech.

Question 49

What is the difference between learning a second language as a child and learning a second language later in life?

Answer 49

Child: the area of the brain activated for a second language is same as for the first language. Adult: different areas of the brain are activated for first and second languages.

Question 50

What do all languages have? Name at least 2.

Answer 50

1) extensive vocabularies divided into different parts-of-speech categories. 2) words organized into phrases following similar rule structure. 3) all permit movement of grammatical categories. 4) all use suffixes and prefixes.

Question 51

_______ drive the development of language.

Answer 51

Children.

Question 52

Is there a sensitive period for learning language?

Answer 52

Yes. 3-7 years of age.

Question 53

What is the "less is more hypothesis"?

Answer 53

Limitations during infancy may be adaptive for learning at a slower pace so you don't get overwhelmed.

Question 54

What is the social-interactionist perspective of language development?

Answer 54

Children learn language through social interactions.

Question 55

What is the gesture-facilitation hypothesis?

Answer 55

Argues that the use of gestures facilitates that acquisition of spoken language.

Question 56

What is infant-directed speech? How does it help infants learn language?

Answer 56

Speech directed towards the infant (aka baby talk). Helps by creating a sort of supportive language environment.

Question 57

How does low SES effect child language development?

Answer 57

Children from low SES are exposed to much less speech from parents. This is why these children tend to have smaller vocabularies.

Question 58

What is sequential bilingualism?

Answer 58

Children learn a second language AFTER mastering their first.

Question 59

What is semilingualism?

Answer 59

A lack of mastery of both first and second languages.