week 12 Flashcards
medieval learning - the nobility
Charlemagne time era
Behavioural skill, fighting skill, moral skill
Cognitive skill (Charlemagne)
–> had the idea that they did not understand the language properly –> how can they read the Bible?
Alcuin = founder of the Palace schools ( Aachen)
- this is where Charlemagne got educated
- introduced a different way of writing
predestination and free will
God has foreseen what will happen
–> there is a discussion about this, does men have free will?
Chaucer: you are supposed to do things by necessity
- simple necessity: you are supposed to do that (trees will lose their leaves)
- conditional necessity: Gods knowledge imposes on someone, God knows the outcome, we don’t. Men can still choose what the outcome is
Ptolemaic universe
Planets exert influence on man’s body, not on free will.
Sphere of the moon = between earth (changeable) and other spheres (eternal)
Moon: inconstant planet (waxes + wanes)
- below the moon everything is decaying, rotting, not good
- above the moon everything is good and well
The moon has a big influence on the bodies
- it can induce travel
- it can cause wondering of the mind (lunatic)
- it cannot change their free will
the liberal arts - trivium
you first had to pass the trivium, to be able to study quadrivium
- end goal = better study for theology
- grammar: the understanding of Latin, the structure of texts, interpretation of the Bible
- rhetoric: using language to persuade
- logic: learning things by debating about them and finding the essence about them
medieval learning - peasantry + citizenry
- You would become member of a gild, within that gild you would learn the profession of that gild (bakery, smith, leatherworker)
- the book they learn from are very easy, they only need a minimum level of literacy
- they were trained practical and specific
chaucher and astronomy
Treatise on the astrolabe (1390s)
–> was used to calculate the position of the stars and sun (tell time, period of the year)
The whole cosmos was a set of spheres inside the other (geocentric system –> earth in the centre)
–> beyond the spheres there was only God
sphere of the fixed stars
sphere with only stars, no planets
pre moon mobile
sphere that sets the others in motion
12th century Cathedral schools
- run by friars, eventually became universities
- the secular clergy would be trained here
- non-religious people also came to study (the school became available for everyone)
- the students organized golds for the students –> begin of universities
wonderous scholars
students would come to a specific place because of a specific scholar
university
- traditional universities were supported by the state (paris)
- other universities were supported by the crown, government, state (oxford)
- universities supported by students (bologna)
–> the students decided which subjects would be taught
–> for a teacher to teach, they needed to pass a test made by students - medicine/law = southern Europe
- philosophy = northern Europe
pecia
system of copying manuscripts simultaneously
–> more books needed
the liberal arts - quadrivium
- arithmetic = pure theoretical mathematic, arabic numbers were used (the one we use today)
- geometry = used to measure and calculate the known world at the time
- music = numerical relationship by using sound, important for religious worship and practices
- astronomy = study of the stars, also included astrology (in the middle ages this was a science)
medieval learning - the clergy
A good clergy meant a good afterlife
The more instructed you are, the higher your rank can be
monastic schools (run by monks)
- oral teaching
- books can be borrowed
- they would write on a wax plate so that they can reuse it
- the Bible was used for its contents and for the style of the Latin
