Week 12 (13) Flashcards
What is intervention?
the implementation of a strategic plan based on evidence-based and theoretically sound research that seeks to intentionally change outcomes relating to motor development
Why intervene?
- learn various skills to play and participate
- build competency and mastery skills
- improve confidence
- foster lifelong physical activity
- promote positive physical and psychosocial health effects
- improved physiological, and psychological health, physical appearance, and social affiliation
- reduced physical inactivity and sedentariness
- reduced morbidity & mortality rates
- support long-term healthy development trajectories
- promote skill development beyond motor skills
- reduce developmental disparities
What is Stodden et al.’s Developmental model?
motor competence and PA are linked
motor competence → perceived motor competence → PA participation
How can intervention promote skill development beyond motor skills?
- physical activity can help develop cognitive skills like attention, executive functioning, language, and memory
- promising evidence of PA linked to academic achievement
- personal and social skills (link skills, PYD)
How does intervention reduce developmental disparities?
- people develop motor skills at different rates, across gender, socioeconomic status, disability status
- can reduce disparity through:
equitable opportunities
individualized training
resource provision and support
community involvement
What are the two classifications of PA?
- PA as an outcome variable: intervention → changed motor behaviour
- PA as a treatment variable: intervention → change in quality of life
What are some examples of interventions?
- rehabilitation programs
- community sport programs
- worksite fitness programs
- personal fitness training
- public recreation programs
- urban planning policies
What are we changing with intervention?
- behaviours
- activity levels
- awareness
- beliefs about PA
- opportunities
- strategies
What are the outcomes we are striving for with intervention?
- psychomotor outcomes
- cognitive outcomes
- social-affective outcomes
- life skills
- health outcomes
What is an informational intervention approach?
changes knowledge and attitudes about the benefits of and opportunities for PA
What is a behavioural intervention approach?
teach behavioural management skills for successful adoption and maintenance of PA
What is a social intervention approach?
create social environments that facilitate and enhance PA
What is the environmental intervention approach?
change the structure of physical (built), and organizational environments to provide safe, attractive and convenient contexts for PA
What is the pedagogical intervention approach?
instruct/coach people to move ore efficiently/effectively by creating appropriate contexts for PA
What are the three considerations for an intervention?
content, process, product
What is there to consider intervention content?
- why do the intervention?
- what’s the intended goal(s) or objective(s)
- what is the theoretical basis?
- who is it for?
- what does it constitute?
What is there to consider about intervention process?
- how is it delivered?
- by whom?
- where?
- for how long?
- major activities?
What is there to consider
about intervention products?
- how do we know if the intervention/program was effective or not?
- what are the measurable or observable outcomes?
What are the implications of the information processing theory for intervention?
focus: correctly memorizing and executing movements
- direct instruction
- emphasize feedback and attention
- progressively increase task complexity
- part-to-whole progressions
- include variations
What does the information processing theory tell us about motor development?
- learners acquire skills by storing and recalling motor programs
- variability helps us develop motor programs across different contexts
What does the dynamic systems theory tell us about motor development?
- movement emerges from the interaction of multiple subsystems
- learning is non-linear, context-dependent, and self-organizing
What are the implications of the dynamic systems theory for intervention?
focus: encouraging self-discovery to meet individual needs
- self-discovery (open-ended tasks, multiple solutions)
- hands-off approach (reduce direct instruction, avoid “one correct way”)
- promote variability (in equipment, surfaces, goals)
What does Newell’s constraints model tell us about motor development?
movement emerges from dynamic interactions of individual, environmental and task constraints
What is the implication for intervention through newell’s constraint model?
focus: modify constraints to facilitate learning or overcome barriers
- match individual capabilities and context
- use body-scaled equipment
- modify game rules to suit ability levels
- alter environmental factors