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Mental Health Care > Week 11 - Important Concepts > Flashcards

Week 11 - Important Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a shared feature in neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

Shared feature is significant developmental delay and/or deficit along pathways.

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2
Q

There needs to be a marked disruption in these factors.

A

personal, social, academic, occupational

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3
Q

Classification in DSM-V

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders referenced in _______ categories
  • Communication disorders, learning disorders, ASD, ADHD, motor disorders
A

several

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4
Q

Disorganized pattern of intellectual strengths and weaknesses
Marked impairment of development in social interaction and communication with a restrictive repertoire of activity and interest

A

Autism

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5
Q

Describe rigidity in autism.

Describe sameness.

A

Rigid - change-intolerant, set in their ways

sameness - they like their routine to be the same to a ridiculous level of detail

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6
Q

What are some concurrent diagnoses often seen in ASD?

A

ADHD or specific communication or language disorders

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7
Q

What are some stereotypical behaviours of children with ASD?

A

Hand flapping, rocking, head-banging, echolalia

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8
Q

ASD epidemiology:

  • ____/1000
  • more common in ______ BUT (continue the thought)
  • 50% comorbid with _______ disability
  • 25% comorbid with _______ disorder
A

11.4 (although sharp increase)
More common in males, but more severe in females
50% comorbid with intellectual disability
25% comorbid with seizure disorder

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9
Q

What are some risk factors for the developmental of ASD?

A

Genetics
Microbiota
Perinatal complications
(NOT vaccines)

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10
Q

There are some characteristics that may lead to early diagnosis of ASD:
- Lack of ______ or gestures at 12 months
- lack of _____ words at 16 months
- lack of ___ word combinations at 18 months
Lack of response to _____
unusual/absent ___ contact or _____ expressions
Marked _______ impairment
_______/skill regression

A 
babbling
single
two
name
eye contact, facial expressions
social
language
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11
Q

What are diagnostic criteria for ASD?

A

Persistent social deficits across multiple contexts
Persistent, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities
(sameness, stereotypical motor movements, fixed intersts; hypo/hyper-reactivity to sensory stimuli)

Early onset of symptoms
Symptoms cause significant impairment in functioning
Disturbances not explained by differential diagnosis

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12
Q

The spectrum title captures previously separate disorders ______ and _______ ______ disorder.

A

Asberger’s

Pervasive developmental

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13
Q

What are the three levels of severity for ASD?

A

Requiring support
Requiring substantial support
Requiring very substantial support

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14
Q

What is the issue with using the terms high and low functioning with ASD patients?

A

High functioning - we dismiss them

low functioning - the opposite

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15
Q

What do the severity levels primarily determine?

A

Level of support that child needs to live

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16
Q

Deficits in verbal and nonverbal language
abnormal responses
difficulty coping with change

A

Requiring substantial support

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17
Q

Difficulty initiating social interactions
Significant interference with functioning in 1 or more activities
Difficulty switching between activities

A

Requiring support

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18
Q

Very limited social response and minimal response
Extreme difficulty coping with change
Great distress with change

A

Requiring very substantial support

19
Q

What are the medications for autism?

A

there are none

20
Q

When would medications be used for ASD?

A

To alleviate frequency/intensity of behavioural disturbances
Antipsychotics to reduce aggression
Risperidone has some efficacy in treating the core social-cognitive and stereotype behaviours
DO NOT TREAT THE ACTUAL AUTISM ITSELF

21
Q

What is an important limitation for ASD patients in the biologic domain?

A

Nutrition - sameness concept really limits it

22
Q

Common goals for all families with children of autism?

A

for them to be successful, have friends, etc.

23
Q

Describe structured activities.

A

Helps family understand that setting the child up for success is the goal and that the child may not respond to normal ways of learning

24
Q

Child’s needs are often overlooked in this area.

But, this is particularly important for this group instead.

A

Spiritual domain

often more pertinent for parents of child

25
Q

Continuum of care for ASD:

  • ______ care needs
  • Care needs can be very ____, ___-time attending
  • Interaction with the world is different
  • _____-as-client
  • Fit the _______ to the client, not the client to the _________
A 
diverse
high, full
family
experience
experience
26
Q

Therapists use highly structured and intensive skill-oriented training sessions to help children develop social and language skills

A

educational/behavioural interventions

27
Q

Persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that interferes with functioning or development

A

ADHD

28
Q

What are the types of ADHD presentations?

A

Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
predominantly inattentive
Mixed/combined

29
Q

ADHD symptoms occur consistently in at least two different environments, these are?
Some, but not all symptoms must be present by age ___.
Symptoms must be present for at least __ months.

A

home and school
12 years old
6 months

30
Q

The diagnosis for ADHD comes from ______ and taking a _______.

A

observation, history

31
Q

A physical exam must rule out differential diagnosis for ADHD such as?

A

Hearing/vision problems

32
Q

ADHD is more prevalent in?

What is the impetus for seeking help?

A

boys

Disruption (often in school)

33
Q

What are the three core symptoms of ADHD?

A

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

34
Q

What are the risk factors for ADHD? What is important to note about the risk factors?

A

Genetics
Omega-3 FA deficiency, OB complications
Psychosocial factors - interparental discord, childrearing disagreements

More important is the number of risk factors, not just which ones

35
Q

Some proponents argue that ADHD is a ______ _______ behaviour that is the problem.

A

stimulus seeking - thus the reason that stimulants work to treat ADHD

36
Q

Due to impulsivity, ADHD clients are at a large risk for ______ issues.

A

safety

37
Q

Describe the paradox of structured environments.

A

A very rigid environment may help ADHD patients from being all over the place

38
Q

Do kids grow out of ADHD?

A

Studies show that symptoms persist into adulthood

Manifestation may change however, due to compensatory mechanisms in adulthood

39
Q

The nursing assessment for children with ADHD is often done with whom>

A

the parents

40
Q

Comorbidities with ADHD may be?

A

Autism and seizures

41
Q

Nursing interventions in the psychological domain may include strategies to improve ______ and _______ at home. (ADHD)

A

structure and predictability

42
Q

Boundaries and reward systems can be used for this.

A

ADHD

43
Q

What is the bottom line of treatment for ADHD?

A

Decrease symptoms
improve functionality
Promote the well-being of the child and their support network

Mental Health Care (11 decks)

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