Week 11 - Exercise for Special Populations Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes characterized by?

A

Hyperglycemia - high blood glucose

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2
Q

What is the major difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A

type 1 diabetes is a defect in insulin secretion whereas type 2 diabetes is a defect in insulin action

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3
Q

Identify differences between Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

a) usual age of onset
b) development of symptoms
c) association with obesity
d) beta cells
e) development of ketoacidosis is common

A

a) Type 1 onset under 20years, type2 onset over 40years
b) Type 1 develop symptoms rapid, type 2 slow symptom development
c) Type 1 rarely associated with diabetes but type 2 is commonly associated with obesity
d) Type 1 beta cells are destroyed, type 2 beta cells not destroyed
e) Type 1 common development of ketoacidosis, type 2 rare development of ketoacidosis

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4
Q

What can insufficient insulin prior to exercise result in?

A

exercise-induced hyperglycemia and ketosis

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5
Q

What does exercise benefits for T1D depend upon?

A

appropriate glucose control

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6
Q

Ketotic diabetics

A

those that DO NOT control their blood glucose levels through insulin injections - leads to increase in ketones which means fats are used as fuel source

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7
Q

What are the warning signs/symptoms of T1D?

A
  • Frequent urination/unusual thirst
  • Extreme hunger
  • Rapid weight loss, weakness, and fatigue
  • Irritability, nausea, vomitting
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8
Q

What lowers the odds of exericse-induced hypoglycemia?

A

a regular exercise schedule
- Intensity, frequency, duration
- altering diet and insulin

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9
Q

Do T1D require medical clearance prior to exercise?

A

Currently active (40-60% HRR, 30min+, 3+days/week) can continue without medical clearance.

Those planning >60% HRR should obtain medical clearance prior to the start of the program.

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10
Q

What are some problems associated with T1D and T2D due to chronically high blood glucose?

A

Autonomic neuropathy (can lead to abnormal HR and BP)

Peripheral neuropathy (pain, impaired balance, weakness, decreased proprioception)

Retinopathy and nephropathy (due to blood pressure abnormalities)

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11
Q

Identify a test used to diagnose type 2 diabetes?

A

Oral glucose tolerance test

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12
Q

Describe the oral glucose tolerance test.

A

75g sugary drink consumed rapidly and blood glucose and insulin responses are tracked for several hours

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13
Q

How can identify the progression from prediabetic to T2D?

A

glucose tolerance worsens over time

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14
Q

Explain the primary treatment for T2D.

A

Exercise
- Helps treat obesity (decreases body fat)
- Helps control blood glucose (kept within normal/healthy range)
- Reduces insulin resistance
- Helps treat CVD risk factors (high blood pressure and lipid profile, inflammation).

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15
Q

What may the combination of diet and exercise eliminate?

A

the need for diabetic drug treatments - should aim for weight loss around 5-10%

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16
Q

When sedentary diabetic becomes trained, what may need to be adjusted?

A

medication doses to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise

17
Q

Describe the exercise recommendations for aerobic training in type 1 diabetics.

A

Frequency: 3-7 d/w
Intensity: 50-80% HRR or RPE 12-16
Time: 20-60min per session, 150min mod or 75min vig per week
Type: non-weight bearing, low-impact activities

18
Q

Describe the exercise recommendations for aerobic training in type 2 diabetics.

A

Frequency: 4-7 d/w
Intensity: 50-80% HRR or RPE 12-16
Time: start with 10min bouts, Incr. benefits with longer duration. 150min moderate or 75min vig per week.
Type: Brisk walking, zumba, circuit training

19
Q

Describe the exercise recommendations for resistance training in diabetics.

A

Frequency: 2-3 d/w
Intensity: 60-80% 1-RM or RPE 12-16
Time: 1-3 sets x 8-12reps
Type: major muscle groups