Week 109: Renal Colic and Haematuria Flashcards
What is ureteric pain?
Colic-like pain that radiated towards the groin
What is an effective treatment for ureteric pain?
NSAIDs
What are associated symptoms of renal colic?
- Urinary tract infections
- Rigours
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Nausea
What are the risk factors for renal colic?
- Recent travel through hot climates
- Low fluid intake
- Recent period of immobilisation
- Smoking
Where are the three common points of stone impacting?
- Pelvic brim
- Vesicureteric junction (valve allowing entry from valve into ureter)
- Uteropelvic junction (as stone is leaving kidney)
What are common stones?
- Calcium oxylate
- Calcium phosphate
What chance does a stone less than 4mm in size have of passing spontaneously?
90%
What chance does a stone less than 4-6mm in size have of passing spontaneously?
50%
What chance does a stone greater than 6mm in size have of passing spontaneously?
10%
What impact due NSAIDs have on stones?
Decrease glomerular filtration rate so decrease pressure behind the stone
What increases the risk of renal cell carcinoma?
Having Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
What are the treatment options for stones?
Cystoscopy
- Go through the urethra and grab the stone
Extra-corporeal shockwave lithotripsy
- Very effective and less invasive
What is the glomerular filtration rate:
Blood through glomerulus: the amount taken out as going through is the filtration rate
What are the metabolic functions of the kidneys?
- Phosphate clearance
- Vitamin D metabolism
- Electrolytes
- Water as needed
- EPO
What is the main treatment for kidney failure?
Dialysis
