Week 10 "The lungs-airways" Flashcards
What is meant by primary level prevention?
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. EG legislation education immunisation
What is meant by secondary level prevention?
Secondary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred.
EG
Screening tests
preventative meds (asprin for further heart attacks)
What is meant by tertiary level prevention?
Tertiary prevention aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects.
EG:
sufferer support groups
rehabilitation programs
What are the Upstream Midstream and downstream health promotion approaches?
Up- primary (seeking systematic change)
Mid- risk factor management (screening, lifestyle behaviour
Down- responding to individual presentations. (already sick)
What is the ottawa charter action areas action areas
- Building healthy public policy.
- Creating supportive environments.
- Strengthening community action.
- Developing personal skills.
- Re-orienting health care services toward prevention of illness and promotion of health.
What is Atopy?
refers to the genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases typically associated with heightened immune responses to common allergens.
What is an allergy?
A damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially a particular food, pollen, fur, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive.
What is hypersensitivity?
It is an over-reaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host.
What is Type 1 sensitivity?
- Immediate contact hypersensitivity. (fast onset)
- usually mediated by IgE
- Driven by mast cell activation
- EG allergic asthma
What is a mast cell?
a cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.
What is Type 2 sensitivity?
- Characterised by humeral antibodies that injure self cells by targeting them for phagocytosis or lysis
- immune reactant is IgG
- EG blood transfusion rejection and drug reaction.
- 5-8h time
What is Type 3 sensitivity
- humeral antibodies (IgG) (Same as type 2)- bind to blood borne antigens and form insoluble antigen-antibody complexes in circulation. These 2. complexes trigger complement pathways that lead to cell damage in blood vessels and tissue where these complexes deposit (lungs, skin, kidney and joints)
- Time 2-8h
What is Type 4 sensitivity?
- delayed sensitivity
- not antibody mediated
- Mediated by T lymphocytes - causing cell death and tissue injury.
- 24-72 hours
What are TH1 cells
T helper type 1 (Th1) cells are a lineage of CD4+ effector T cell that promotes cell-mediated immune responses and is required for host defense against intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens.
What are TH2 cells
These cells are required for humoral immunity and play an important role in coordinating the immune response to large extracellular pathogens.
