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JMP Semester 1 > Week 1 Bones > Flashcards

Week 1 Bones Flashcards

1
Q

7 types of bones

A

short, long, flat, irregular and sesamoid, Pneumatic and

Accessory.

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2
Q

What are Short bones + example

A

Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Carpus/Patella/Tarsus

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3
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

bones embedded within a tendon or muscle. Patella/distal portions of the first metacarpal bone

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4
Q

Flat Bones

A

Bones whose principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. Cranium/Ilium/sternum/rib cage

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5
Q

The axial skeleton

A

includes the bones that form the skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column and thoracic cage.

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6
Q

The appendicular skeleton

A

The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the skeleton of vertebrates consisting of the bones that support the appendages. (Arms and legs)

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7
Q

Articulations

A

Where two bones meet. eg Knee joint

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8
Q

Head of bone

A

Prominent rounded surface. eg Head of femur

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9
Q

Facet

A

Flat surface.

Facet joint would be 2 flat surfaces meeting eg Vertebrae.

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10
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded Surface at the end of a bone forming an articulation with another.

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11
Q

Projections

A

Projections that are sites of muscles and ligaments attachments. Raised markings.

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12
Q

Protuberance

A

A bony outgrowth or protruding part. eg Chin.

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13
Q

Process

A

An outgrowth from the main part of the bone

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14
Q

Spine

A

A sharp process of a bone. eg the vertebral column

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15
Q

Tubercle

A

A small rounded nodule on a bone

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16
Q

Tuberosity

A

A larger rounded nodule on a bone

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17
Q

Line

A

A slight elongated ridge

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18
Q

Crest

A

A ridge of bone. Iliac crest (top bone ridge of the pelvis)

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19
Q

Holes

A

Holes and depressions in which blood vessels and nerves etc to enter/pass through the bone eg

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20
Q

Fossa

A

A depression or hollow. eg the Coronoid fossa (next to the radial fossa) that receives the coronoid process of the ulnar during flexion of the forearm.

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21
Q

Name for lower jaw

A

Manible

22
Q

3 portions of the vertebrae

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar

23
Q

Main bones in the arm

A

Humerus/ Ulnar and Radius

24
Q

Main bones in the pelvic region

A

Pelvis, Sacrum, Coccyx

25
Q

Main bones in the leg

A

Femur/ Tibia (large) and Fibula (small)

26
Q

Knee cap

A

Patella

27
Q

Superior or cranial

A

toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity).

28
Q

Inferior or caudal

A

away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity)

29
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

front (example, the patella is located on the anterior side of the leg)

30
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body)

31
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline of the body

32
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot).

33
Q

Proximal

A

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone).

34
Q

Distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm)

35
Q

Coronal Plane

A

(Frontal Plane) - A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.

36
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

(Lateral Plane) - A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.

37
Q

Axial/Transverse/Horizontal Plane

A

A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

38
Q

Median plane

A

Sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves

39
Q

Abduction and adduction is

A

Abduction- moving a limb away from the medial line of the body.
Adduction- moving a limb towards the medial line of the body

40
Q

Flexion and Extension is

A

Flexion- decreasing the angle of the joint (bending the joint)
Extension- Increasing the angle of the joint (straightening the joint)

41
Q

Lateral rotation and Medial rotation

A

Lateral- Rotating a limb away from the medial line of the body.
Medial- rotating a limb towards the medial line of the body

42
Q

Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion

A

Dorsiflexion - Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint (flat foot up)
Plantar flexion - Increasing the angle of the ankle joint (top of front foot angle increases)

43
Q

Eversion and Inversion

A

Eversion - Rotating the ankle so that the sole of the foot is facing away from the midline.
Inversion - rotating so sole faces towards the midline.

44
Q

Circumduction

A

A combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. Circumduction can be best performed at ball and socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, but may also be performed by other parts of the body such as fingers, hands, feet, and head.

45
Q

Elevation and Depression

A

Moving a body part in a superior direction/ inferior direction.

46
Q

Pneumatic bones-

A

Bones which are hollow and full of air. For example the sinus spaces in the head.

47
Q

Accessory bones-

A

A bone not normally present in the human body. many of these bones are due to unsuccessful fusing of ossification centres. eg ulnar styloid process

48
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

(7 in total) They generally have a smaller body and larger vertebral foramen, and are known as the smallest vertebrae. to support the skull and enable nodding motion

49
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

(12 in total) The rib cage lies in the thoracic region of the body, and the thoracic vertebrae have a slight modification to articulate with the ribs. (medium in size)

50
Q

Lumbar Vertibrae

A

(5 in total) These are the largest vertebrae and have huge bodies. They take on the weight of the body and have a great capacity for movement. The orientation of their process is parasagittal, which is supposedly responsible for their capacity for bending.

51
Q

Terms for the arm and leg (not bones just proper names top to bottom)

A

Full Arm - Shoulder joint, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand

Full Leg- Hip, Thigh, Knee, Leg, Foot

JMP Semester 1 (12 decks)

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