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Physiology- term 1 > Week 10- Renal System > Flashcards

Week 10- Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the glomerular filtration rate determined on

A

Filtration rate

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2
Q

What does filtration rate need to be

A

Constant

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3
Q

What happens if the filtration rate is too fast

A

Filtration wont be reabsorbed

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4
Q

What happens if the filtration rate is too slow

A

Everything is reabsorbed

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5
Q

What drives fluid out

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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6
Q

Effect of proteins in arterioles

A

Has osmotic pressure in blood to oppose movement of fluid out as does hydrostatic pressure of filtrate

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7
Q

What regulates filtration

A

Arterioles size

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8
Q

Describe the juxtaglobular complex

A

The wall of distil convoluted tubule connects with afferent arterioles. When flood flows too quickly through the DCT the MACULA DENSA releases ATP which causes the afferent arteriole to constrict

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9
Q

Describe the process of reabsoprtion

A

Sodium potassium pump used to remove sodium from basal region

Sodium used to co transport other useful substances such as glucose

Peritubular hydrostsatic pressure s low and osmotic pressure is high so water (osmosis) and other ions move out the proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

What increases glomerular filtration rate
What wil this cause

A

Increases resistance of efferent arterole (constriction)

Increased pH in GFR

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11
Q

What decreases glomerular filtration rate
What will this cause

A

INCREASES RESISTANCE IN AFFERENT ARTEROLE (constriction)

Decrease capillary BP, decrease in pH

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12
Q

What does the wall of sitar convoluted tubule connect to

A

Afferent arterole

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13
Q

Describe juxtaglomerular process

A

The wall of distal convoluted tubule connects with afferent arterioles. When fluid flows too quickly through DCT, the MACULA DENSA releases ATP which amuses afferent arterole to constrict

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14
Q

What causes afferent arterole to constrict

A

JUXTAGLOMERULAR PROCESS

The wall of distal convoluted tubule connects with afferent arterioles. When fluid flows too quickly through DCT, the MACULA DENSA releases ATP which amuses afferent arterole to constrict

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15
Q

How many times is plasma filtered a day

A

60

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16
Q

What cell help with re absorption

A

Microvilli
Increase SA:V

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17
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The force applied to a unit area of surface of blood vessel wall by the blood contained within it

18
Q

Which arterole is first

A

Afferent

19
Q

Where does selective reabsorptoion occur

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

20
Q

Substances are more likely to pass from the glomerulus into the proximal a convoluted tubule if they are ?s

A

Small and under high pressure

21
Q

What is the glomerulus filtration rate

A

Flow of plasma from glomerulus into bowman’s capsule

22
Q

What makes up the juxtaglomerular complex

A

Macula DENSA cells In loop of Henley and granular cells of afferent arterole of glomerulus

23
Q

What do macula densa cells do

A

When the flow of filtrate is high it releases ATP into afferent arterole ofglomerulus causing it to contract

24
Q

Where does reabsorption mainkhy occur

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

How are glucose molecules reabsorbed

A

Combination of active and passive transport across tubule cells

26
Q

Why can hyperglycaemia in diabetes melitus cause glucose to enter urine

A

Excessive glucose in filtrate saturates the glucose co-transported

27
Q

What makes the tubule cells impermeable

A

Lots of tight junctions and water

28
Q

When does the hypothalamus shrink

A

When osmoreceptors detect when blood is concentrated
Or a drop in bpdetetced

29
Q

What do osmoreceptors release when conc blood is detected
What does this do

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE(ADH) / VASOPRESSIN

This circulates kidney and can cause behavioural change- thirst

30
Q

Once ADH is released, what does it do? What does this cause?

A

Binds to its receptor in the DST and collecting ducts
Causes a release in AQUAPORINS
AQUAPORINS become membrane bound and allow the passage of water acros the cells and into capillaries by osmosis

31
Q

By the time filtrate reaches DCT, how much water and sodium remains

A

Water- 25%
Na- 10%

32
Q

Function of adrenal cortex of adrenal glands

A

Monitor sodium and potassium (electrolytes)
HIGH K+ or LOW Na+ stimulate release of the hormone ALDOSTERONE

33
Q

Function of ALDOSTERONE

A

Stimulate DCT and collecting ducts

Increase rate of sodium potassium pump, increased rate of sodium uptake and potassium excretion

Cause production of more channels and pumps in longer term

34
Q

What affects bp

A

Vessel diameter

Vessel length

Blood viscosity

35
Q

Function of granular cells

A

Sensitive to BP in arterioles, release an enzyme called RENIN

STIMULATED BY THE CV CENTRE is sympathetic nerves and macula densa if flow is too slow

36
Q

How is water reabsorbed in DCT

A

ADH stimulates release o9f AQUAPORINS

37
Q

How would an increase in ADH change urine production and blood pressure

A

Decrease urine production
Increase blood pressure

38
Q

Where is aldosterone produced

A

Adrenal cortex

39
Q

What effect has aldosterone on kidney

A

Reabsorption if sodium ions
Excretion of potassium ions

40
Q

What is rennin and where is it released from

A

Enzyme
Released from granular cells of JGC

41
Q

What does renin do

A

Concert angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

42
Q

What affect does angiotensin 11 have

A

Increases cardiac output

Stimulates the release of ADH

stimulates release of aldosterone

Stimulates vasoconstriction

Physiology- term 1 (15 decks)

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