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Physiology- term 1 > lesson 2- connective tissues > Flashcards

lesson 2- connective tissues Flashcards

1
Q

name the functions of ct

A

-connects tissues
-binds and supports
-protects
-insulates
-all derived from a cell layer in the embryo called mesenchyme

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2
Q

what are ct’s surrounded by?

A

ground substance

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3
Q

name the ct which is fat

A

adipose

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4
Q

name an example of loose ct

A

areolar

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5
Q

what is the function of areolar?

A

supports, binds, holds fluids and can act in defence

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6
Q

what is the function of cartilage

A

support and protect

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7
Q

after rolling fat, why is there oily remains?

A

dead cells burst and lipids are released.

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8
Q

name the fat cell

A

adipose

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9
Q

what is found in an adipose cell?

A

many cells (adipocytes), some ground substance and some fibres (collagen and elastic) in the extracellular matrix

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10
Q

how and why does fascia differ to fat?

A

fascia is more tough as it contains more tough, dense irregular fibres which are crosshatched. It also contains fewer cells and ground substance.

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11
Q

name the cell type of cartilage.

A

chondroplast

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12
Q

name the cell type of loose ct, tendons, ligaments

A

fibroblast

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13
Q

name the cell type of bone

A

osteoblast

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14
Q

give examples of where the cell chondroblasts are found

A

cartilage

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15
Q

where is osteoblasts found

A

bone

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16
Q

where is fibroblasts found

A

loose ct, tedons, ligaments

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17
Q

what do all cell types have in common?

A

the end of the name is ‘blast’

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18
Q

what is ground substance made up of?

A

-proteogylcans
-glycoaminoglycans

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19
Q

what can the number of proteoglycans effect?

A

how firm and springy the gel can be

20
Q

what are the units of ground substance called?

A

aggregate

21
Q

are the gags of the proteoglycans positively or negatively charged?

A

negatively. they hold water and growth factors.

22
Q

what is collagen made by?

A

fibroblasts

23
Q

what does collagen make up the majority of? give examples

A

dense regular- tendons and ligaments
dense irregular- fascia

24
Q

give properties of collagen

A

-high TENSILE strength
-low COMPRESSIONAL strength
-VISCOELASTIC

25
Q

what do the viscoelastic properties of collagen allow it to do?

A

act both like a fluid and have elastic properties

26
Q

what does the fluidity of collagen help with?

A

helps collagen fibrils to slide, with the help of DECORIN PROTEIOGLYCANS

27
Q

what bonds are found in collagen molecules? what can these bonds do?

A

hydrogen bonds
they can break and reform

28
Q

in collagen what allows the stretch and recoil?

A

fibril crimped ends

29
Q

what occurs in the toe region for collagen.

A

as stress increases, collagen stretches.
large increase in length due to elongation of crimped region

30
Q

what occurs in the elastic region for collagen

A

collagen continues to elongate due to proteoglycan sliding and h bonds breaking.

31
Q

what is the elastic region also known as?

A

FUNCTIONAL REGION

32
Q

what occurs in the plastic region for collagen

A

beyond yield point, collagen remains deformed. continues till rupture.

33
Q

what are elastic fibres made up of?

A

elastin

34
Q

what do elastic fibres allow?

A

allow connective tissues to recoil.

35
Q

where are elastic fibres particularly important?

A

lung and blood vessels

36
Q

how is collagen arranged

A

in regular strands, parralel to one another. these fibres provide tensile strength

37
Q

describe ground substance

A

-made of mainly proteoglycans which hold water
-cells and fibres present between ground substance cells
-good compressional resistance
-shock absorbing properties

38
Q

give examples of proteoglycans found in ct

A

-aggrecab
-decorin
-hylauronic acid

39
Q

describe the structure of proteoglycans

A

-made up from glycoaminoglycans that are attached to a sugar backbone

40
Q

What tissues come together to make organs

A

Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue

41
Q

List functions of cells in ct

A

-creates extracellular matrix
-maintain extracellular matrix
-cells can dictate function of the connective tissue

42
Q

List functions of ground substance in ct

A

-generates physical properties of the CT like compression resistance
-allows diffusion of water and molecules
-has regulatory roles in development and healing

43
Q

List functions of fibres in ct

A

-generates physical properties of CT like tension resistance
-allows cell attachment

44
Q

What will a cell placed in hypertonic solution do

A

Shrivel and get smaller as water moves out of it

45
Q

Name 3 features of dense irregular ct

A

Thin, flat cells adapted for absorption of forces from different directions,random alignment, lots of collagen fibres, fibroblast cells, not much ground substance

46
Q

What curve does collagen follow

A

Stress strain

47
Q

Name the regions of the stress strain curve in order

A

Toe region
Elastic region
Plastic region
(Failure)

Physiology- term 1 (15 decks)

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