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Physiology- term 1 > lesson 1- cells, organelles, systems > Flashcards

lesson 1- cells, organelles, systems Flashcards

1
Q

State the difference between an atom and a molecule.

A

Atoms are the smallest particles and give properties to molecules. Atoms join together to make large particles called molecules. Molecules can be made up of the same atoms (elements) or different atoms (compounds).

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2
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane in cells?

A

Separates cells and organelles from their surrounding environment. allowing them to perform different functions/ chemical reactions.

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3
Q

Define passive movement

A

Substances move due to kinetic energy. move high conc to low conc. if molecule not fat soluble, cell will use protein channel to facilitate diffusion.

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4
Q

Define active movement

A

move across membrane using atp, against conc gradient. energy can change shape of protein within the membrane which can pick up and release substances from one side to the other

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5
Q

Define osmosis

A

movement of water molecules across partially permeable membrane down conc gradient.

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6
Q

What is the function of plasma membrane

A

Selectively permeable barrier

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7
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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8
Q

function of mitochondria

A

produce atp

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9
Q

function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Interconnected tubes with embedded ribosomes – produce proteins for excretion from cell and all cell membrane proteins

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10
Q

function of chromosomes

A

Compacted DNA – site of genetic information

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11
Q

Function of nucleoli

A

Store genetic information and produce ribosomes

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12
Q

function of Cytosol

A

Fluid in which all cytoplasmic elements are suspended

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13
Q

Nucleus function

A

Contains instructions to build cells proteins

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14
Q

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Interconnected tubes with enzymes involved with lipid metabolism (produces all membrane lipids), synthesis of steroids, detoxification of drugs

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15
Q

function of Secretary vesicle

A

Transport membraned vessels for exporting proteins from golgi apparatus

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16
Q

function of Golgi

A

Modifies and packages proteins made by the rough ER

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17
Q

lysosome function

A

Break down old organelles and particles taken into the cell (e.g. bacteria)

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18
Q

What is a tissue?

A

groups of similar cells that have a common function

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19
Q

how do the same types of cells stick together?

A

Tight junctions- these rivets made of proteins link cell membranes of two adjacent cells together to form a barrier.
Desmosomes- Velcro, anchoring adjacent cells together

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20
Q

What is a gap junction?

A

small holes between adjacent cells. holes are made of a protein ring and allow the diffusion of small molecules.

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21
Q

list cells that don’t stick together

A

rbc, wbc, fibroblasts

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22
Q

function of muscle tissue, how does is it designed to do this

A

highly specialised and packed with proteins that allow to contact and shorten which provides movement

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23
Q

function of nervous tissue

A

provides fast communication, control and co-ordination within the body

24
Q

epithelial tissue function

A

lines, covers and makes up glandular tissue of the body. creates boundaries between the body and outside world and functions to protect, absorb, filter and secrete.

25
Q

connective tissue function

A

connects body parts, provides protection, supports and binds different tissue types together

26
Q

define body system

A

collection of organs and tissues that have a common goal and function

27
Q

function of lymphatic system

A

returns fluid back to the blood and cleans fluid

28
Q

function of respiratory system

A

remove co2, take up o2

29
Q

digestive system function

A

breaks down food into absorbable units

30
Q

urinary system function

A

eliminates waste from body and regulates water, acids and electrolytes

31
Q

integumentary function

A

external body covering. protects, has many receptors, cooling.

32
Q

skeletal system function

A

movement, posture, produce heat

33
Q

endocrine system function

A

secretes hormones that regulate internal cellular environment.

34
Q

cardiovascular system function

A

generates pressure for transport of materials in blood.

35
Q

name the system. Function: movement, posture, produce heat

A

Skeletal system

36
Q

name the system. Function: returns fluid back to the blood and cleans fluid

A

lymphatic system.

37
Q

name the system. Function: external body covering. protects, has many receptors, cooling.

A

integumentary.

38
Q

name the system. Function: generates pressure for transport of materials in blood.

A

cardiovascular

39
Q

name the system. Function: eliminates waste from body and regulates water, acids and electrolytes

A

urinary system

40
Q

name the system. Function: remove co2, take up o2

A

respiratory system

41
Q

name the system. Function: breaks down food into absorbable units

A

digestive system

42
Q

name the system. Function: secrete hormones that regulates internal cellular environment

A

endocrine system

43
Q

what is a tendon?

A

tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone,

44
Q

what is a tendon designed to do?

A

transmit forces and withstand tension during muscle contraction

45
Q

what is a tendon a good example of?

A

high ordered extracellular matrix

46
Q

what is a main component in tendons?

A

collagen.

47
Q

what molecules can make up a plasma membrane?

A

phospholipid bilayer, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol

48
Q

what do proteins in the plasma membrane allow?

A

allows control of the internal environment,interacting with the external environment

49
Q

name the three types of active transport

A

primary, secondary, vascular

50
Q

give an example of primary active transport

A

break down app causes protein to change it tertiary structure, molecules move across membrane

51
Q

give an example of secondary active transport

A

gradient created by primary active transport, allows movement of molecules across the membrane

52
Q

define exocytosis

A

breakdown of atp, move vesicles out of cell

53
Q

define endocytosis

A

breakdown atp, moves vesicles inside of the cell

54
Q

name properties of cardiac muscle

A

-involuntary
-striated
-branched
-generate pressure in blood

55
Q

name properties of smooth muscle

A

-involuntary
-not striated
-used to propel along internal passageways

56
Q

name properties of skeletal muscle

A

-voluntary
straited
-used to move

Physiology- term 1 (15 decks)

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