lesson 1- cells, organelles, systems Flashcards
State the difference between an atom and a molecule.
Atoms are the smallest particles and give properties to molecules. Atoms join together to make large particles called molecules. Molecules can be made up of the same atoms (elements) or different atoms (compounds).
What is the role of the cell membrane in cells?
Separates cells and organelles from their surrounding environment. allowing them to perform different functions/ chemical reactions.
Define passive movement
Substances move due to kinetic energy. move high conc to low conc. if molecule not fat soluble, cell will use protein channel to facilitate diffusion.
Define active movement
move across membrane using atp, against conc gradient. energy can change shape of protein within the membrane which can pick up and release substances from one side to the other
Define osmosis
movement of water molecules across partially permeable membrane down conc gradient.
What is the function of plasma membrane
Selectively permeable barrier
Function of ribosomes
protein synthesis
function of mitochondria
produce atp
function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Interconnected tubes with embedded ribosomes – produce proteins for excretion from cell and all cell membrane proteins
function of chromosomes
Compacted DNA – site of genetic information
Function of nucleoli
Store genetic information and produce ribosomes
function of Cytosol
Fluid in which all cytoplasmic elements are suspended
Nucleus function
Contains instructions to build cells proteins
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Interconnected tubes with enzymes involved with lipid metabolism (produces all membrane lipids), synthesis of steroids, detoxification of drugs
function of Secretary vesicle
Transport membraned vessels for exporting proteins from golgi apparatus
function of Golgi
Modifies and packages proteins made by the rough ER
lysosome function
Break down old organelles and particles taken into the cell (e.g. bacteria)
What is a tissue?
groups of similar cells that have a common function
how do the same types of cells stick together?
Tight junctions- these rivets made of proteins link cell membranes of two adjacent cells together to form a barrier.
Desmosomes- Velcro, anchoring adjacent cells together
What is a gap junction?
small holes between adjacent cells. holes are made of a protein ring and allow the diffusion of small molecules.
list cells that don’t stick together
rbc, wbc, fibroblasts
function of muscle tissue, how does is it designed to do this
highly specialised and packed with proteins that allow to contact and shorten which provides movement
function of nervous tissue
provides fast communication, control and co-ordination within the body
epithelial tissue function
lines, covers and makes up glandular tissue of the body. creates boundaries between the body and outside world and functions to protect, absorb, filter and secrete.
connective tissue function
connects body parts, provides protection, supports and binds different tissue types together
define body system
collection of organs and tissues that have a common goal and function
function of lymphatic system
returns fluid back to the blood and cleans fluid
function of respiratory system
remove co2, take up o2
digestive system function
breaks down food into absorbable units
urinary system function
eliminates waste from body and regulates water, acids and electrolytes
integumentary function
external body covering. protects, has many receptors, cooling.
skeletal system function
movement, posture, produce heat
endocrine system function
secretes hormones that regulate internal cellular environment.
cardiovascular system function
generates pressure for transport of materials in blood.
name the system. Function: movement, posture, produce heat
Skeletal system
name the system. Function: returns fluid back to the blood and cleans fluid
lymphatic system.
name the system. Function: external body covering. protects, has many receptors, cooling.
integumentary.
name the system. Function: generates pressure for transport of materials in blood.
cardiovascular
name the system. Function: eliminates waste from body and regulates water, acids and electrolytes
urinary system
name the system. Function: remove co2, take up o2
respiratory system
name the system. Function: breaks down food into absorbable units
digestive system
name the system. Function: secrete hormones that regulates internal cellular environment
endocrine system
what is a tendon?
tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone,
what is a tendon designed to do?
transmit forces and withstand tension during muscle contraction
what is a tendon a good example of?
high ordered extracellular matrix
what is a main component in tendons?
collagen.
what molecules can make up a plasma membrane?
phospholipid bilayer, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol
what do proteins in the plasma membrane allow?
allows control of the internal environment,interacting with the external environment
name the three types of active transport
primary, secondary, vascular
give an example of primary active transport
break down app causes protein to change it tertiary structure, molecules move across membrane
give an example of secondary active transport
gradient created by primary active transport, allows movement of molecules across the membrane
define exocytosis
breakdown of atp, move vesicles out of cell
define endocytosis
breakdown atp, moves vesicles inside of the cell
name properties of cardiac muscle
-involuntary
-striated
-branched
-generate pressure in blood
name properties of smooth muscle
-involuntary
-not striated
-used to propel along internal passageways
name properties of skeletal muscle
-voluntary
straited
-used to move
