lesson 1- cells, organelles, systems

Question 1

State the difference between an atom and a molecule.

Answer 1

Atoms are the smallest particles and give properties to molecules. Atoms join together to make large particles called molecules. Molecules can be made up of the same atoms (elements) or different atoms (compounds).

Question 2

What is the role of the cell membrane in cells?

Answer 2

Separates cells and organelles from their surrounding environment. allowing them to perform different functions/ chemical reactions.

Question 3

Define passive movement

Answer 3

Substances move due to kinetic energy. move high conc to low conc. if molecule not fat soluble, cell will use protein channel to facilitate diffusion.

Question 4

Define active movement

Answer 4

move across membrane using atp, against conc gradient. energy can change shape of protein within the membrane which can pick up and release substances from one side to the other

Question 5

Define osmosis

Answer 5

movement of water molecules across partially permeable membrane down conc gradient.

Question 6

What is the function of plasma membrane

Answer 6

Selectively permeable barrier

Question 7

Function of ribosomes

Answer 7

protein synthesis

Question 8

function of mitochondria

Answer 8

produce atp

Question 9

function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Interconnected tubes with embedded ribosomes – produce proteins for excretion from cell and all cell membrane proteins

Question 10

function of chromosomes

Answer 10

Compacted DNA – site of genetic information

Question 11

Function of nucleoli

Answer 11

Store genetic information and produce ribosomes

Question 12

function of Cytosol

Answer 12

Fluid in which all cytoplasmic elements are suspended

Question 13

Nucleus function

Answer 13

Contains instructions to build cells proteins

Question 14

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Interconnected tubes with enzymes involved with lipid metabolism (produces all membrane lipids), synthesis of steroids, detoxification of drugs

Question 15

function of Secretary vesicle

Answer 15

Transport membraned vessels for exporting proteins from golgi apparatus

Question 16

function of Golgi

Answer 16

Modifies and packages proteins made by the rough ER

Question 17

lysosome function

Answer 17

Break down old organelles and particles taken into the cell (e.g. bacteria)

Question 18

What is a tissue?

Answer 18

groups of similar cells that have a common function

Question 19

how do the same types of cells stick together?

Answer 19

Tight junctions- these rivets made of proteins link cell membranes of two adjacent cells together to form a barrier.
Desmosomes- Velcro, anchoring adjacent cells together

Question 20

What is a gap junction?

Answer 20

small holes between adjacent cells. holes are made of a protein ring and allow the diffusion of small molecules.

Question 21

list cells that don’t stick together

Answer 21

rbc, wbc, fibroblasts

Question 22

function of muscle tissue, how does is it designed to do this

Answer 22

highly specialised and packed with proteins that allow to contact and shorten which provides movement

Question 23

function of nervous tissue

Answer 23

provides fast communication, control and co-ordination within the body

Question 24

epithelial tissue function

Answer 24

lines, covers and makes up glandular tissue of the body. creates boundaries between the body and outside world and functions to protect, absorb, filter and secrete.

Question 25

connective tissue function

Answer 25

connects body parts, provides protection, supports and binds different tissue types together

Question 26

define body system

Answer 26

collection of organs and tissues that have a common goal and function

Question 27

function of lymphatic system

Answer 27

returns fluid back to the blood and cleans fluid

Question 28

function of respiratory system

Answer 28

remove co2, take up o2

Question 29

digestive system function

Answer 29

breaks down food into absorbable units

Question 30

urinary system function

Answer 30

eliminates waste from body and regulates water, acids and electrolytes

Question 31

integumentary function

Answer 31

external body covering. protects, has many receptors, cooling.

Question 32

skeletal system function

Answer 32

movement, posture, produce heat

Question 33

endocrine system function

Answer 33

secretes hormones that regulate internal cellular environment.

Question 34

cardiovascular system function

Answer 34

generates pressure for transport of materials in blood.

Question 35

name the system. Function: movement, posture, produce heat

Answer 35

Skeletal system

Question 36

name the system. Function: returns fluid back to the blood and cleans fluid

Answer 36

lymphatic system.

Question 37

name the system. Function: external body covering. protects, has many receptors, cooling.

Answer 37

integumentary.

Question 38

name the system. Function: generates pressure for transport of materials in blood.

Answer 38

cardiovascular

Question 39

name the system. Function: eliminates waste from body and regulates water, acids and electrolytes

Answer 39

urinary system

Question 40

name the system. Function: remove co2, take up o2

Answer 40

respiratory system

Question 41

name the system. Function: breaks down food into absorbable units

Answer 41

digestive system

Question 42

name the system. Function: secrete hormones that regulates internal cellular environment

Answer 42

endocrine system

Question 43

what is a tendon?

Answer 43

tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone,

Question 44

what is a tendon designed to do?

Answer 44

transmit forces and withstand tension during muscle contraction

Question 45

what is a tendon a good example of?

Answer 45

high ordered extracellular matrix

Question 46

what is a main component in tendons?

Answer 46

collagen.

Question 47

what molecules can make up a plasma membrane?

Answer 47

phospholipid bilayer, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol

Question 48

what do proteins in the plasma membrane allow?

Answer 48

allows control of the internal environment,interacting with the external environment

Question 49

name the three types of active transport

Answer 49

primary, secondary, vascular

Question 50

give an example of primary active transport

Answer 50

break down app causes protein to change it tertiary structure, molecules move across membrane

Question 51

give an example of secondary active transport

Answer 51

gradient created by primary active transport, allows movement of molecules across the membrane

Question 52

define exocytosis

Answer 52

breakdown of atp, move vesicles out of cell

Question 53

define endocytosis

Answer 53

breakdown atp, moves vesicles inside of the cell

Question 54

name properties of cardiac muscle

Answer 54

-involuntary -striated -branched -generate pressure in blood

Question 55

name properties of smooth muscle

Answer 55

-involuntary -not striated -used to propel along internal passageways

Question 56

name properties of skeletal muscle

Answer 56

-voluntary straited -used to move