Week 10 P1

Question 1

What are the four stages of wound healing?

Answer 1

Hemostasis, Inflammation, Proliferation, Remodeling

Question 2

What cells are involved in Hemostasis?

Answer 2

Platelets

Question 3

What cells are involved in the inflammatory phase?

Answer 3

Neutrophils, Macrophages, Lymphocytes

Question 4

What cells are involved in the proliferative phase?

Answer 4

Fibroblasts, Endothelial cells, epithelial cells

Question 5

What cells are involved in the remodeling phase?

Answer 5

Fibroblasts

Question 6

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 6

Inflammation is the body’s protective response to injury, infection, or harmful stimuli, aimed at eliminating the cause, removing damaged cells, and initiating tissue repair. It serves as a defense mechanism to promote healing.

Question 7

The degree of long-term encapsulation (>= __________
weeks) depends on several factors:
1. Degree of ___________ during implantation
2. Amount of subsequent cell ____________
3. Location of implant size
4. __________________ time of implant

Answer 7

4 Weeks
degree of trauma
cell damage
retention time

Question 8

What is the foreign body response?

Answer 8

Typical biological response to foreign ”body” Involves the formation of granuloma/granulation
tissue

Question 9

Explain what a Foreign Body Giant Cells stain looks like.

Answer 9

Hematoxylin (+): Positively stained nuclei appear purple or dark blue. These are the multiple nuclei characteristic of giant cells formed by macrophage fusion.
Eosin (-): Negatively stained cytoplasm appears pink, indicating the protein-rich and cellular structure of the cytoplasm.

Question 10

What are the possible scenarios for the
resolution of FBR?

Answer 10

Extrusion, Resorption, Integration Encapsulation

Question 11

What is Extrusion?

Answer 11

The foreign material is pushed out of the body through the skin or mucosa

Question 12

What is Resorption?

Answer 12

The foreign material degrades and is absorbed by the surrounding tissue

Question 13

What is integration?

Answer 13

The material integrates with the surrounding tissue without provoking ongoing inflammation

Question 14

What is encapsulation?

Answer 14

The foreign material is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, isolating it from the surrounding tissue

Question 15

What is the purpose of in vitro assays?

Answer 15

evaluate the cytocompatibility (cell compatibility) of biomaterials to assess their safety and potential biological effects

Question 16

Explain the process of direct contact in In vitro assays.

Answer 16

The biomaterial is placed directly onto a layer of cultured cells. This tests for immediate toxicity from physical interaction or surface chemistry.
Potential outcomes:
Cell death (cytotoxicity) near the material.
Altered cell morphology.
No significant effect, indicating good biocompatibility.

Question 17

Explain the process of indirect contact in In vitro assays.

Answer 17

Cells are exposed to biomaterials through a medium or barrier (e.g., agar overlay or inserts), avoiding direct physical contact. This evaluates soluble factors, like released ions or small molecules, from the material.

Potential outcomes:
Inhibited cell proliferation or viability due to toxic leachates.
No changes in viability, indicating no toxic leachates.

Question 18

Explain the process of leachables/degradation products in In vitro assays.

Answer 18

Cells are exposed to substances released from the biomaterial (e.g., degradation byproducts, unreacted monomers). This simulates the biomaterial’s effect over time.

Potential outcomes:
Accumulation of toxic byproducts affecting cellular function or causing inflammation.
Stable or minimal effects, indicating safe degradation.