Week 10: Nature as Health Promotion

Question 1

How many people globally live in urban environments?

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

How many people in Canada live urban?

Answer 2

80%

In 1910, this was 20%

Question 3

What are the benefits of living urban?

Answer 3

Access to amenities
Good access to food
Better drinking water and sanitation - public amenities

Question 4

Urban tree cover trends

Answer 4

Number of street and park trees increasing

Amount of natural cover is decreasing

Question 5

NR-6

Answer 5

Nature relatedness survey

Question 6

Indirect interaction with nature

Answer 6

Experiencing nature while not being physically present in it

ie. viewing in a picture

Question 7

Incidental interaction with nature

Answer 7

Experiencing nature as a by-product of another activity

ie. walking to work

Question 8

Intentional interaction with nature

Answer 8

Experiencing or being in nature through direct intention

Question 9

Indoor setting

Answer 9

Inside a building

Foliage plants

Question 10

Urban setting

Answer 10

Landscape dominated by urban form

Public or private green-space, roadside vegetation

Question 11

Fringe setting

Answer 11

Area immediately surrounding a town/city

Peri-urban nature reserves

Question 12

Production landscape setting

Answer 12

Agriculture lands

Paddocks, fields, countryside

Question 13

Wilderness landscape setting

Answer 13

Area where human influence is low

Beaches, ocean, river, water, mountain, forests, woodlands, national parks

Question 14

Specific species setting

Answer 14

Cases where object of the interaction is defined with no particular setting
Marine animals, avian, domestic pets

Question 15

Psychological well being benefits of nature

Answer 15

Positive effects on mental processes
Increased self-esteem, improved mood, reduced anger/frustration, psychological well being, reduced anxiety, improved behaviour

Question 16

Cognitive benefits of nature

Answer 16

Positive effect on cognitive function or ability
Attentional restoration, reduced mental fatigue, improved academic performance, improved ability to perform tasks, improved cognitive function, improved productivity, educational/learning opportunities

Question 17

Physiological benefits of nature

Answer 17

Positive effect on physical function and physical health
Stress reduction, reduced blood pressure, reduced cortisol levels, reduced headaches, reduced mortality from circulatory disease, faster healing, addiction recovery, improved perceived health, reduced long-term illness from cardiovascular/respiratory disease, reduced occurrence of illness

Question 18

Social benefits of nature

Answer 18

Positive social effect at individual, community or national scale
Facilitates social interaction, enables social empowerment, reduced crime rates, reduced violence, enables interractial interaction, social cohesion, social support

Question 19

Spiritual benefit of nature

Answer 19

Positive effect on individual religious pursuits or spiritual well being
Increased inspiration, increased spiritual well being

Question 20

Tangible benefit of nature

Answer 20

Material goods than an individual can accrue for wealth of possession
Food supply, money, increased property value

Question 21

Nature’s pharmacy

Answer 21

Trees
Source of pharmaceuticals and other chemical products used in conventional and alternative medicine
Functional molecules, bioactive protective susbstances

Question 22

Greenspace/bluespace influences on human health (3)

Answer 22

1) Reducing harm (mitigation)
2) Restoring capacity (restoration)
3) Building capacity (instoration)

Question 23

Emerald ash borer

Answer 23

Killed lots of trees

Increase in respiratory-related deaths and cardiovascular-related deaths

Question 24

Allergy

Answer 24

Birch, hazel and alder have variable allergenic potency

Pollen-induced respiratory allergy more common in urban areas