Krewski & Rainham

Question 1

Sources of variation in exposure assessment

Answer 1

Factors or reasons why pollution concentrations vary
These factors may include urban/rural differences, decreasing latitude, temperature inversion events and traffic sources from commuting

Question 2

Particle composition in exposure assessment

Answer 2

Assessment of the chemical makeup of particle pollution

Composition will vary from place to place and with the source of pollution

Question 3

Source apportionment in exposure assessment

Answer 3

Identification of pollution origin, usually based on the chemical signature of particles
Using source apportionment assists with the identification of pollution sources in indoor environments from outdoor sources, or the source of pollution associated with different weather patterns

Question 4

Temporal trends in exposure assessment

Answer 4

Assessment of the pollution and health relationship over periods of time
Pollution concentrations are time and location dependent: seasonality, timing of high traffic volumes
Long term datasets are also used in pollution forecast modeling

Question 5

Who is most at risk from air pollution?

Answer 5

Children and elderly

Question 6

Biomarkers

Answer 6

Used to improve assessments of biological plausibility in the relationship between air pollutants and human health effects

Question 7

Clara-cell proteins

Answer 7

Identified as sensitive markers of increased permeability of the lung epithelial barrier, and an increase in serum levels has been associated with ambient ozone concentrations

Question 8

Genotoxic chemicals

Answer 8

Able to cause damage to DNA but do not inevitably lead to the creation of cancerous cells

Question 9

Time series studies

Answer 9

Evidence of associations between air pollution and human health impacts is derived primarily from this type of study