Week 10 Hallucingens

Question 1

how is it determined as cultural or recreational

Answer 1

symbolic or ceremonial: wine, kava
tradition
assist work or promote social interaction: caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

Question 2

Cultural and recreational drug use

Answer 2

naturally-occuring - nautral: minimal or no modificaiton.
minimal modification: smoking, altering pH, microbial action, oxidation
synthetic: LSD, etc

Question 3

Hallucinogens

Answer 3

Mescaline and Psilocybin
both which have CNS effets via agonism or paritl agonism of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors
cannabinoids which is a stimulant can also cause consciousness effect.

Question 3

Psychedelics effects

Answer 3

sensory perception, time perception, emotions magnified, memory. hallucinations

Question 4

Psilocybin mushrooms

Answer 4

is a main psychedelic ingredient of hallucinogenic mushrooms.
it is a psilocin and is structually similar to serotonin.

Question 5

Depressant

Answer 5

depression of the CNS
decrease neuron ‘firing’ rate
decreases muscle tension, and heart rate. anxiety and cognition and pain

Question 6

naturally occuring depressants

Answer 6

opiates: papver somniferum
anticholinergic alkaloids
kavalactones: piper methysticum (Kava).

Question 7

Cannabis sativa

Answer 7

also known as marijuana. most widely used drug. used to treat malaria. can become dependent and have withdrawal symptoms.

Question 8

what is the main ingredient of cannabis

Answer 8

THC

Question 9

target receptor of cannabis

Answer 9

Cb1R is the most abundant g protien coupled receptor in the CNS. and THC acts a partial agonist.
post synaptic depolaristion triggers synthesis of endocannabinoids from arachidonic acid.

Question 10

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Answer 10

uses 2.7 mg THC and 2.5 g Cannabidiol (CBD)

Question 11

clinical targets for medicines based upon THC

Answer 11

Chronic pain
inflammatory pain
nausea and vomiting
Stimulation of appetite
Psychosis
epilepsy

Question 12

Cocaine

Answer 12

erythroxylon coca (Coca)
dicotyledonous plant
either was chewed or drank as tea. important stimulant for the indigenous populations.

Question 13

Cocaine is a

Answer 13

an alkaloid stimulant.

Question 14

how is cocaine synthesised

Answer 14

by amino acid ornithine, the decarboxylation product, putrescine and proline constitute the basic unit of the tropane, ecgonine, nicotine.

Question 15

long name of cocaine in plants

Answer 15

it is benzoylmethylecgonine and is most prominent of the tropane alakloids due to its social importance

Question 16

what is the two major tropane alkaloids in coca

Answer 16

cocaine and cinnamoycocaine.

Question 17

Cocaine - in vivo

Answer 17

acts on the CNS. it is an alkaloid with psychostimulant action and high addictive potentital.
dogma states that cocaine possesses high affinity for dopamine, serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline transporters and blocks reuptake of these monoamine neurotransmitters.