Terpenes Flashcards
What are Terpenes
They are important class of compounds which typically consist of 5 Carbons multplets.
What are Terpenoids
Terpenes by with other functional groups in this, eg Oxygen
Examples of a Terpene and terpenoid and draw it
geranyl and Genraniol
what are two important biosynthesis pathways
Mevalonate and deoxyxylulose phosphate pathways
importance of the mevalonate pathway. draw it
draw this pathway to practice
starts with acetyl-CoA
importance of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway. draw it
draw this pathway satarts with compound from pyruvic aci
higher plants use which pathway
these plants use both pathways
The mevalonate pathway of higher plants are used to product?
sterols, some sespuiterpnes and ubiquinones
what is the enzyme that causes the catalysation of acetoacetyl-Coa in the first step of the mevalonate pathway
acetoacetyl-Coa Thiolase
acetyl-Coa and acetoacetyl-Coa condestation results in what by catalysation by what
3-Hydroxy-3MethylGlutary-Coa (HMG-CoA) and catalysed by HMG-Coa Synathsase.
what enzyme catalyses the reductive conversion of HMG-Coa to __ _ _ _ _
3-Hydroxy-3MethylGlutaryl-Coa (HMG-CoA) reductatse catalyses the reductive conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid.
How is Mevalonic Acid (MVA) converted to MVA 5-diphosphate
by use of mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase
what is MVA 5-Diphospahte converted to by what enzyme
Converted to IPP by phosphomevalonate kinase. IPP then can be converted to DMAPP by isomerisation
what is the MEP pathway
it is the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway.
deoxyxylulse phosphate pathway and the non-mevalonate pathway
what are IPP adn DMAPP used to produce
prenyl side chains and plastoquinones.
as well as hemi, mono, sesqui, di, and tetraterpenes
what is a pinacol-type rearrangement
conversion of a 1,2-diol to a carbonyl compound under acidic conditions.
an alkyl group from the adjacent carbon migrates to the carbonation center
what are all terpenes formed from and example of first terpene
IPP and DMAPP as well as geranyl PP
how are cyclic terpenes formed
from the carbcation cyclysation by an enzyme
examples of cyclic terpenes and their seven types
menthol
Methane. Pinane, Bornane, Fenchane, Isocamphane, Carana, Thujane
what is menthol and its structure
it is a terpene
application of these compounds
scents, food, medicinal - antiseptic, antiflammatory, antihypertensive, cholesterol reduction industrial
what are essential oils
they are volatile oils, majority but not all are terpenes/oids. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes,
essential oil role in nature
protection, attractants and allelopathy
example of the only hemiterpene and example of hemiterpeniod
isoprene
prenol
features of the monoterpenes
floral odour and unstable
feature of acyclic monoterpenoids draw example
more stable than monoterpenes
geraniol (draw it)
cyclic monoterpenes
ring structure
limonene
good solvent for glue
bicylic monoterpene draw
pinene (draw)
farnesene and humulene are what type of terpene
sesquiterpenes
Importance of Triterpenes
the linear is squalene and the cyclic is sterol
examples of plant steroids
Beta-Sitosterol - plant sterol with cholesterol reduction properties
brassinosteroid - canola
examples of animal steroids
Cholesterol
Hormones such as Androgens and Estrogen
cardiac glycosides
treat congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia - example of diterpenes with digitoxin
Tetraterpenes
Plant pigements
carotenes and carotenoids
photosynthesis and antioxidants
