Week 1 - Overview Flashcards
Health
Condition in which human body performs it’s vital functions normally
- depends on body maintaining ‘homeostasis’ under changing environmental conditions
Disease
deviation from normal structure or function that interrupts or modifies performance of vital functions
- significant disturbances in homeostasis
Pathophysiology
the study of structural and functional changes associated with disease
- causes, mechanisms, S&S, tx, prevention
Hereditary Disease
due to an abnormality on an individual’s genes/chromosomes. Capable of passing to offspring.
- ex: hemophilia
Congential Disease
Not passed by genes. Existing at, or date from birth.
- can be acquired during development of the fetus
ex: Cleft Palate, Fetal Alcohol syndrome, heart valve defect
Degenerative Disease
Function or structure of affected tissues/organs progressively deteriorates over time. Wear and tear.
Eg, osteoarthritis
Inflammatory/autoimmune/allergic disease
Due to abnormal immune function.
Autoimmune is when body’s defenses are turned on, but not turned off when job is done.
Eg. diabetic type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, MS
Neoplastic Disease
Abnormal and uncontrolled growth that leads to formation of tumors.
Eg. Cancer
5 types of diseases
1) Hereditary
2) Congenital
3) Degenerative
4) Inflammatory/autoimmune/allergic
5) Neoplastic
Functional Capacity
Patients ability to perform daily tasks.
Eg cooking, cleaning, climbing stairs
Expressed in METS
Functional Reserve
Difference between rest and max for that individual.
Ability of patient to accommodate a physiologic stressor.
ASA 1 (green)
Normal, healthy patient. Very low risk.
ASA 2 (yellow)
Patient with mild, well-controlled systemic disease or has a significant risk factor (eg extreme dental anxiety, pregnancy, allergies).
Minimal risk during treatment.
ASA 3 (red)
Patient with severe systemic disease that limits daily activity.
Eg, recent heart attack, insulin dependent diabetes
ASA 4 (red)
Patient with severe, life-threatening disease. Distress is present even at rest.
Requires a consultation. Elective dental care should be postponed until condition has improved.
ASA 5
Patient not expected to survive for 24 hours with or without surgery.
4 Components of Risk Assessment
- Nature/severity of clients condition
- Functional capacity of client
- Emotional status of client
- Type/magnitude of planned procedure
