Week 1 - Neurotransmitters, developmental theories (general), other general Flashcards
Definition of mental illness
A disturbance in thoughts or mood that cause maladaptive behavior, inability to cope with normal stresses, and or impaired functioning
What type of model is used for community mental health nursing?
Public Health Model
Public Health model - primary prevention
Services aimed at reducing the incidence of mental disorders within a population
Primary prevention examples
Teach stress reduction, parenting skills to prospective parents, physical and psychosocial effects of alcohol/drugs to elementary school students
Public Health model - secondary prevention
Interventions aimed at minimizing early symptoms of psychiatric illness and directed toward reducing the prevalence and duration of the illness
Secondary prevention examples
PHQ-2 depression screening, ongoing assessment of high risk individuals, identify at risk individuals
Public Health model - tertiary prevention
Services aimed at reducing the severity, discomfort or disability of a disorder - aka rehab
Tertiary prevention examples
Rehab, teaching daily living skills, monitoring effective of aftercare services
Therapeutic use of self
Ability to use one’s personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing interventions
Therapeutic use of self requires _______
Self awareness
5 essential conditions to develop a therapeutic relationship
- Rapport
- Trust/confidentiality
- Respect
- Genuineness
- Empathy
4 major categories of neurotransmitters implicated in psychiatry
- Cholinergic
- Monamines
- Amino acids
- Neuropeptides
What are neurotransmitters?
Brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and our body
What kind of chemicals are neurotransmitters?
Endoginous - made within our body
Cholinergic example
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine - location
ANS - autonomic nervous system
Acetylcholine - function (5)
Implicated in: CAMPS
- coordination of movement
- arousal
- modulation and memory
- pain perception
- sleep
Acetylcholine - possible implications (3)
Parkinsons, Hungtingtons, Alzheimers
Levels of Acetylcholine transmission _______ in depression
Increased transmutation in depression
3 types of Monamine neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
Norepinephrine - category, locations
Monamine
ANS, CNS
Norepinephrine functions (6)
Regulation of: MAPS CC
- Mood
- Arousal
- Perception
- Sleep
- Cognition
- Cardiovascular functioning
Norepinephrine is increase in…. (3)
Mania, anxiety states, schizophrenia
Norepinephrine is decreased in…
Depression
Dopamine - category
Monamine
Dopamine - functions (4)
Regulation of: PrMed
- Pain and pleasure Reward centers
- Movement and coordination
- Emotions
- Decision making
Dopamine is deceased in
Depression and Parkinsons
Dopamine is increased in
Mania
Dopamine is dysregulated in
Schizophrenia
Serotonin - category, locations
Monamine
Diffusely distributed throughout the body and CNS
Serotonin - functions (8)
LAMA CAPS
- Libido
- Arousal
- Mood
- Appetite
- Cognition
- Aggression
- Pain perception
- Sleep
Where are there high concentrations of serotonin?
GI tract - implicated in the nausea associated with SSRIs
Why are GI problem side effects with serotonin?
There are many receptors in the gut
Serotonin has increased levels with
Mania
Serotonin has decreased levels in
Depression
Serotonin is dysregulated in
Anxiety
2 examples of Amino Acids
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Glutamate
GABA is _____ where as Glutamate is ______
GABA: inhibitory
Glutamate: excitatory
GABA - category, location
Amino acid, wide spread in the CNS
GABA - function
Interrupts the progression of electrical impulse at the synaptic junction (slows down body activity)
Decreased levels of GABA in… (3)
Anxiety, movement disorders, epilepsy
Glutamate - category, locations (3)
Amino acid
Pyramidal cells in the cortex, cerebellum, and primary sensory afferent systems
Glutamate functions
- Relay of sensory info
- Regulation of motor and spinal reflexes
Glutamate implications (2)
- Etiology of certain neurogenerative disorders
- Schizophrenia
Neuropeptide examples (2)
Endorphins
Enkephalins
Endorphins and enkephalins are what types of peptides?
Opioid peptides
Endorphins and Enkephalins - locations (6)
- Hypothalamus
- Thalamus
- Limbic structures
- Midbrain
- Brainstem
- GI tract (Enkephalins)
Endorphins and Enkephalins - functions (2)
Pain modulation, pleasure
Endorphins and Enkephalins - implications (2)
Addictions, schizophrenia
Developmental theories define
What is appropriate or inappropriate at each developmental level
According to developmental theories, individuals pass through
stages
Psychoanalysis theorist
Freud
Psychosocial development theory
Erikson
Behavioral development theory
Watson
Social learning theory
Bandura
Cognitive development theory
Piaget
